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Autonomous robots deployed in shared human environments, such as agricultural settings, require rigorous safety assurance to meet both functional reliability and regulatory compliance. These systems must operate in dynamic, unstructured…

As autonomous vehicle technology advances, the precise assessment of safety in complex traffic scenarios becomes crucial, especially in mixed-vehicle environments where human perception of safety must be taken into account. This paper…

The emergence of intelligent, connected vehicles, containing complex functionality has potential to greatly benefit society by improving safety, security and efficiency of vehicular transportation. Much of this has been enabled by…

As autonomous vehicles (AVs) become increasingly prevalent, their interaction with human drivers presents a critical challenge. Current AVs lack social awareness, causing behavior that is often awkward or unsafe. To combat this, social AVs,…

This paper describes the comprehensive safety framework that underpinned the development, release process, and regulatory approval of BMW's first SAE Level 3 Automated Driving System. The framework combines established qualitative and…

A significant barrier to deploying autonomous vehicles (AVs) on a massive scale is safety assurance. Several technical challenges arise due to the uncertain environment in which AVs operate such as road and weather conditions, errors in…

The integration of collaborative robots into industrial environments has improved productivity, but has also highlighted significant challenges related to operator safety and ergonomics. This paper proposes an innovative framework that…

Driving is an intuitive task that requires skills, constant alertness and vigilance for unexpected events. The driving task also requires long concentration spans focusing on the entire task for prolonged periods, and sophisticated…

Autonomous systems with cognitive features are on their way into the market. Within complex environments, they promise to implement complex and goal oriented behavior even in a safety related context. This behavior is based on a certain…

In recent years, the expansion of internet technology and advancements in automation have brought significant attention to autonomous driving technology. Major automobile manufacturers, including Volvo, Mercedes-Benz, and Tesla, have…

The technology in the area of automated vehicles is gaining speed and promises many advantages. However, with the recent introduction of conditionally automated driving, we have also seen accidents. Test protocols for both, conditionally…

Autonomous vehicles (AV) look set to become common on our roads within the next few years. However, to achieve the final breakthrough, not only functional progress is required, but also satisfactory safety assurance must be provided. Among…

Traditional autonomous driving systems often struggle to connect high-level reasoning with low-level control, leading to suboptimal and sometimes unsafe behaviors. Recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), which process…

In future mixed traffic Highly Automated Vehicles (HAV) will have to resolve interactions with human operated traffic. A particular problem for HAVs is detection of human states influencing safety critical decisions and driving behavior of…

With an increasing degree of automation, automated vehicle systems become more complex in terms of functional components as well as interconnected hardware and software components. Thus, holistic systems engineering becomes a severe…

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are complex systems that drive in uncertain environments and potentially navigate unforeseeable situations. Safety of these systems requires not only an absence of malfunctions but also high performance of…

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are poised to revolutionize modern transportation, offering enhanced safety, efficiency, and convenience. However, the increasing complexity and connectivity of AV systems introduce significant cybersecurity…

Modern AI technologies enable autonomous vehicles to perceive complex scenes, predict human behavior, and make real-time driving decisions. However, these data-driven components often operate as black boxes, lacking interpretability and…

Balancing safety and efficiency when planning in dense traffic is challenging. Interactive behavior planners incorporate prediction uncertainty and interactivity inherent to these traffic situations. Yet, their use of single-objective…

As a rapidly growing cyber-physical platform, Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are encountering more security challenges as their capabilities continue to expand. In recent years, adversaries are actively targeting the perception sensors of…