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We make several contributions that quantify the real-time hash rate and therefore the consensus of a blockchain. We show that by using only the hash value of blocks, we can estimate and measure the hash rate of all miners or individual…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2017-07-04 A. Pinar Ozisik , George Bissias , Brian Levine

In Bitcoin, transaction malleability describes the fact that the signatures that prove the ownership of bitcoins being transferred in a transaction do not provide any integrity guarantee for the signatures themselves. This allows an…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2014-12-30 Christian Decker , Roger Wattenhofer

Supply chain traceability refers to product tracking from the source to customers, demanding transparency, authenticity, and high efficiency. In recent years, blockchain has been widely adopted in supply chain traceability to provide…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2022-10-18 Hanqing Wu , Shan Jiang , Jiannong Cao

As Law Enforcement Agencies advance in cryptocurrency forensics, criminal actors aiming to conceal illicit fund movements increasingly turn to "mixin" services or privacy-based cryptocurrencies. Monero stands out as a leading choice due to…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-21 Andrea Venturi , Imanol Jerico-Yoldi , Francesco Zola , Raul Orduna

Blockchains face a scalability limitation, partly due to the throughput limitations of consensus protocols, especially when aiming to obtain a high degree of decentralization. Layer 2 Rollups (L2s) are a faster alternative to conventional…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-09-11 Margarita Capretto , Martín Ceresa , Antonio Fernández Anta , Pedro Moreno-Sanchez , César Sánchez

Illicit crypto-mining leverages resources stolen from victims to mine cryptocurrencies on behalf of criminals. While recent works have analyzed one side of this threat, i.e.: web-browser cryptojacking, only commercial reports have partially…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2019-09-26 Sergio Pastrana , Guillermo Suarez-Tangil

Blockchain is a growing decentralized system built for transparency and immutability. There have been several major attacks on blockchain-based systems, leaving a gap in the trustability of this system. This article presents a comprehensive…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-09-17 Joydip Das , Syed Ashraf Al Tasin , Md. Forhad Rabbi , Md Sadek Ferdous

Security is a requirement of utmost importance to produce high-quality software. However, there is still a considerable amount of vulnerabilities being discovered and fixed almost weekly. We hypothesize that developers affect the…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2021-09-14 Sofia Reis , Rui Abreu , Luis Cruz

The explosive growth of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) on Web3 has created a new frontier for digital art and collectibles, but also an emerging space for fraudulent activities. This study provides an in-depth analysis of NFT rug pulls, which…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-04-18 Trishie Sharma , Rachit Agarwal , Sandeep Kumar Shukla

Nakamoto consensus are the most widely adopted decentralized consensus mechanism in cryptocurrency systems. Since it was proposed in 2008, many studies have focused on analyzing its security. Most of them focus on maximizing the profit of…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-30 Junjie Hu , Sisi Duan

The wide success of Bitcoin has led to a huge surge of alternative cryptocurrencies (altcoins). Most altcoins essentially fork Bitcoin's code with minor modifications, such as the number of coins to be minted, the block size, and the block…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-02-10 Sebastien Andreina , Lorenzo Alluminio , Giorgia Azzurra Marson , Ghassan Karame

Bug bounties have become increasingly popular in recent years. This paper discusses bug bounties by framing these theoretically against so-called platform economy. Empirically the interest is on the disclosure of web vulnerabilities through…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2018-05-28 Jukka Ruohonen , Luca Allodi

Governments and businesses increasingly rely on data analytics and machine learning (ML) for improving their competitive edge in areas such as consumer satisfaction, threat intelligence, decision making, and product efficiency. However, by…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2017-01-18 Rock Stevens , Octavian Suciu , Andrew Ruef , Sanghyun Hong , Michael Hicks , Tudor Dumitraş

In recent years, Decentralized Finance (DeFi) grows rapidly due to the development of blockchain technology and smart contracts. As of March 2023, the estimated global cryptocurrency market cap has reached approximately $949 billion.…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-03-05 Zewei Lin , Jiachi Chen , Zibin Zheng , Jiajing Wu , Weizhe Zhang , Yongjuan Wang

We propose a proof-of-work algorithm that rewards blockchain miners for using computational resources to solve NP-complete puzzles. The resulting blockchain will publicly store and improve solutions to problems with real world applications…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2017-09-05 Carlos G. Oliver , Alessandro Ricottone , Pericles Philippopoulos

Cross-chain interoperability is a core component of modern blockchain infrastructure, enabling seamless asset transfers and composable applications across multiple blockchain ecosystems. However, the transparency of cross-chain messages can…

计算工程、金融与科学 · 计算机科学 2025-11-20 Chuanlei Li , Zhicheng Sun , Jing Xin Yuu , Xuechao Wang

I study a repeated auction in which payments are made with a blockchain token created and initially owned by the auction designer. Unlike the ``virtual money'' previously examined in mechanism design, such tokens can be saved and traded…

理论经济学 · 经济学 2025-10-23 Andrea Canidio

This paper investigates the impact of sanctions on Tornado Cash, a smart contract protocol designed to enhance transaction privacy. Following the U.S. Department of the Treasury's sanctions against Tornado Cash in August 2022, platform…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-19 Raffaele Cristodaro , Benjamin Kraner , Claudio J. Tessone

Bitcoin is a "crypto currency", a decentralized electronic payment scheme based on cryptography which has recently gained excessive popularity. Scientific research on bitcoin is less abundant. A paper at Financial Cryptography 2012…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2014-04-11 Nicolas T. Courtois , Marek Grajek , Rahul Naik

Mining fairness in blockchain refers to equality between the computational resources invested in mining and the block rewards received. There exists a dilemma wherein increasing the transaction processing capacity of a blockchain…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-09-10 Akira Sakurai , Kazuyuki Shudo