相关论文: Uniqueness of an $E_8$ model of elementary particl…
I show how the symmetry-breaking of a recently proposed embedding of the standard model of particle physics in $E_8$ can be explained in terms of the representation theory of the binary tetrahedral group. This finite group provides a link…
I present a modified version of the Manogue-Dray-Wilson `octions' model of elementary particles, that overcomes some of the objections to that model that have been raised. In particular, I restore the compactness of the Standard Model gauge…
The aim of this work is to find a simple mathematical framework for our established description of particle physics. We demonstrate that the particular gauge structure, group representations and charge assignments of the Standard Model…
We interpret the elements of the exceptional Lie algebra $\mathfrak{e}_{8(-24)}$ as objects in the Standard Model, including lepton and quark spinors with the usual properties, the Standard Model Lie algebra…
Finite symmetries abound in particle physics, from the weak doublets and generation triplets to the baryon octet and many others. These are usually studied by starting from a Lie group, and breaking the symmetry by choosing a particular…
We propose to unify the Gravity and Standard Model gauge groups by using algebraic spinors of the standard four-dimensional Clifford algebra, in left-right symmetric fashion. This generates exactly a Standard Model family of fermions, and a…
The algebraic elements of gravitational and Standard Model gauge fields acting on a generation of fermions may be represented using real matrices. These elements match a subalgebra of spin(11,3) acting on a Majorana-Weyl spinor, consistent…
Generation dependent discrete symmetries often appear in models derived from superstring theories. In particular, in the framework of E$_6$ models the presence of such symmetries is required in order to allow for the radiative generation of…
We show how chirality emerges naturally from an embedding of the standard model of particle physics into $E_{8(-24)}$. The well-known argument that there is no chiral theory of fundamental physics in $E_8$ is avoided by implementing…
Building on previous work, we extend an algebraic realisation of three fermion generations within the complex Clifford algebra $\mathbb{C}\ell(8)$ by incorporating a $U(1)_{em}$ gauge symmetry. The algebra $\mathbb{C}\ell(8)$ corresponds to…
Recently it was shown that, in the framework of superstring inspired $\E$ models, the presence of generation dependent discrete symmetries allows us to construct a phenomenologically viable class of models in which the three generations of…
This work considers the remarkable suggestion that the three families of quarks and leptons may be unified, together with the Higgs and gauge fields of the Standard Model (SM), into a single "particle", namely the $\textbf{248}$ vector…
I investigate the structure of $E_8$ under the action of the subalgebra/subgroup $A_1+G_2+C_3$, as a potential route to unification of the fundamental forces of nature into a single algebraic structure. The particular real form $E_{8(-24)}$…
We propose an $E_8 \otimes E_8$ unification of the standard model with pre-gravitation, on an exceptional Lie algebra-valued space. Each of the $E_8$ has in its branching an $SU(3)$ for space-time and an $SU(3)$ for three fermion…
The exceptional euclidean Jordan algebra of 3x3 hermitian octonionic matrices, appears to be tailor made for the internal space of the three generations of quarks and leptons. The maximal rank subgroup of its automorphism group F4 that…
Building upon previous works, it is shown that two minimal left ideals of the complex Clifford algebra $\mathbb{C}\ell(6)$ and two minimal right ideals of $\mathbb{C}\ell(4)$ transform as one generation of leptons and quarks under the gauge…
A considerable amount of the standard model's three-generation structure can be realised from just the $8\hspace{.3mm}\mathbb{C}$-dimensional algebra of the complex octonions. Indeed, it is a little-known fact that the complex octonions can…
We clarify and extend our earlier work (K.A.Meissner and H.Nicolai, Phys. Rev. D91 (2015) 065029 and Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 (2018) 091601) where it was shown how to amend a scheme originally proposed by M. Gell-Mann to identify the three…
The Standard Model has three generations of fermions and although it does not contain any explicit reason for this, the existence of additional generations is now very constrained by experiment. Present measurements are saturating…
Categorical symmetries have recently been shown to generalize the classification of phases of matter, significantly broadening the traditional Landau paradigm. To test these predictions, we propose a simple spin chain model that encompasses…