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The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a promising variational quantum algorithm introduced to tackle classically intractable combinatorial optimization problems. This tutorial offers a comprehensive, first-principles…
Combinatorial problems are a common challenge in business, requiring finding optimal solutions under specified constraints. While significant progress has been made with variational approaches such as QAOA, most problems addressed are…
The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a promising quantum approach for tackling combinatorial optimization problems. However, hardware constraints such as limited scaling and susceptibility to noise pose significant…
We propose a new Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) formulation of the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP), with which we overcame the best formulation of the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) in terms of the minimum number of…
We analyze the transformation of QUBO from its conventional Boolean presentation into an equivalent spin glass problem with coupled $\pm1$ spin variables exposed to a site-dependent external field. We find that in a widely used testbed for…
The Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) modeling and solution framework is a requirement for quantum and digital annealers. However optimality for QUBO problems of any practical size is extremely difficult to achieve. In…
Several combinatorial optimization problems can be solved with NISQ devices once that a corresponding quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) form is derived. The aim of this work is to drastically reduce the variables needed for…
The quantum approximate optimization algorithm/quantum alternating operator ansatz (QAOA) is a heuristic to find approximate solutions of combinatorial optimization problems. Most literature is limited to quadratic problems without…
Encoding hard-constrained optimization problems into a variational quantum algorithm often turns out to be a challenging task. In this work, we provide a solution for the class of open-shop scheduling problems (OSSPs), which we achieve by…
We study fundamental limitations of the generic Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) on constrained problems where valid solutions form a low dimensional manifold inside the Boolean hypercube, and we present a provable route to…
Constrained combinatorial optimization remains challenging for quantum algorithms because feasibility must be explicitly enforced, typically through penalty terms or problem-specific mixers. We introduce Partitioned-Constraint QAOA…
Quantum annealing aims at solving optimization problems of practical relevance using quantum-computing hardware. Problems of interest are typically formulated in terms of quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) Hamiltonians.…
Despite much recent work, the true promise and limitations of the Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz (QAOA) are unclear. A critical question regarding QAOA is to what extent its performance scales with the input size of the problem…
The prospect of quantum solutions for complicated optimization problems is contingent on mapping the original problem onto a tractable quantum energy landscape, e.g. an Ising-type Hamiltonian. Subsequently, techniques like adiabatic…
Quantum computing is offering a novel perspective for solving combinatorial optimization problems. To fully explore the possibilities offered by quantum computers, the problems need to be formulated as unconstrained binary models, taking…
We introduce a novel approach to translate arbitrary 3-SAT instances to Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) as they are used by quantum annealing (QA) or the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA). Our approach…
In this paper, we develop a way to encode several NP-Complete problems in Abstract Argumentation to Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems. In this form, a solution for a QUBO problem involves minimizing a quadratic…
In the pursuit of achieving near-term quantum advantage for combinatorial optimization problems, the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) and the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) are the primary methods of interest, but…
Recent advances in quantum computing and the increasing availability of quantum hardware have substantially enhanced the practical relevance of quantum approaches to discrete optimization. Among these, the Quadratic Unconstrained Binary…
Quantum Annealing (QA) can efficiently solve combinatorial optimization problems whose objective functions are represented by Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) formulations. For broader applicability of QA, quadratization…