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Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly evolved from general-purpose systems to multimodal models capable of processing text, images, and audio. As both general-purpose LLMs (GLLMs) and multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) gain widespread adoption,…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-04-08 Yujian Liu , Xiao Yu , Jacky Keung , Xing Hu , Xin Xia , Xiaoxue Ma

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed many fields, including natural language processing, computer vision, and reinforcement learning. These models have also made a significant impact in the field of law, where they are being…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-03-17 Zhongxiang Sun

Recent advances in natural language processing with large neural models have opened new possibilities for syntactic analysis based on machine learning. This work explores a novel approach to phrase-structure analysis by fine-tuning large…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Francisco Jose Cortes Delgado , Eduardo Martinez Gracia , Rafael Valencia Garcia

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to access legal information. Yet, their deployment in multilingual legal settings is constrained by unreliable retrieval and the lack of domain-adapted, open-embedding models. In…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-11 Narges Baba Ahmadi , Jan Strich , Martin Semmann , Chris Biemann

With hundreds of thousands of language models available on Huggingface today, efficiently evaluating and utilizing these models across various downstream, tasks has become increasingly critical. Many existing methods repeatedly learn…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-18 Richard Zhuang , Tianhao Wu , Zhaojin Wen , Andrew Li , Jiantao Jiao , Kannan Ramchandran

Better understanding of Large Language Models' (LLMs) legal analysis abilities can contribute to improving the efficiency of legal services, governing artificial intelligence, and leveraging LLMs to identify inconsistencies in law. This…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in text comprehension, but their ability to process complex, hierarchical tabular data remains underexplored. We present a novel approach to extracting structured data…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-25 Vikram Aggarwal , Jay Kulkarni , Aditi Mascarenhas , Aakriti Narang , Siddarth Raman , Ajay Shah , Susan Thomas

Interacting with the legal system and the government requires the assembly and analysis of various pieces of information that can be spread across different (paper) documents, such as forms, certificates and contracts (e.g. leases). This…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-23 Hannes Westermann , Jaromir Savelka

The last decade has seen widespread adoption of Machine Learning (ML) components in software systems. This has occurred in nearly every domain, from natural language processing to computer vision. These ML components range from relatively…

Developing documentation guidelines and easy-to-use templates for datasets and models is a challenging task, especially given the variety of backgrounds, skills, and incentives of the people involved in the building of natural language…

NLP in the legal domain has seen increasing success with the emergence of Transformer-based Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) pre-trained on legal text. PLMs trained over European and US legal text are available publicly; however, legal…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-05-16 Shounak Paul , Arpan Mandal , Pawan Goyal , Saptarshi Ghosh

Language models (LM or LLM) are increasingly deployed in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) and its applications, but the question arises as to whether they can be a common resource managed and maintained by a community of users.…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2024-03-20 Robin Quillivic , Salma Mesmoudi

The deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) in production environments requires efficient inference serving systems that balance throughput, latency, and resource utilization. This paper presents a comprehensive empirical evaluation of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-25 Saicharan Kolluru

Encoding legislative text in a formal representation is an important prerequisite to different tasks in the field of AI & Law. For example, rule-based expert systems focused on legislation can support laypeople in understanding how…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-10 Samyar Janatian , Hannes Westermann , Jinzhe Tan , Jaromir Savelka , Karim Benyekhlef

Making legal knowledge accessible to non-experts is crucial for enhancing general legal literacy and encouraging civic participation in democracy. However, legal documents are often challenging to understand for people without legal…

In this paper, we review legal testing methods based on Large Language Models (LLMs), using the OPENAI o1 model as a case study to evaluate the performance of large models in applying legal provisions. We compare current state-of-the-art…

The development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has primarily been driven by resource-rich research groups and industry partners. Due to the lack of on-premise computing resources required for increasingly complex models, many researchers…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-05 Liling Tan

The rapid proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized Natural Language Processing (NLP) but has simultaneously created a "resource divide." State-of-the-art legal intelligence systems typically rely on massive parameter…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-19 Subrit Dikshit

As machine learning (ML) becomes an integral part of high-autonomy systems, it is critical to ensure the trustworthiness of learning-enabled software systems (LESS). Yet, the nondeterministic and run-time-defined semantics of ML complicate…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-12-10 Nan Jia , Anita Raja , Raffi Khatchadourian

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the development of Legal Artificial Intelligence (Legal AI) in recent years, enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of legal tasks. To advance research and applications of LLM-based…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-15 Zhitian Hou , Zihan Ye , Nanli Zeng , Tianyong Hao , Kun Zeng
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