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Despite significant progress in quantum computing in recent years, executing quantum circuits for practical problems remains challenging due to error-prone quantum hardware. Hence, quantum error correction becomes essential but induces…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-09-04 Tobias Forster , Nils Quetschlich , Mathias Soeken , Robert Wille

We numerically study coherent errors in surface codes on planar graphs, focusing on noise of the form of $Z$- or $X$-rotations of individual qubits. We find that, similarly to the case of incoherent bit- and phase-flips, a trade-off between…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-01-04 F. Venn , B. Béri

There has been a rise in third-party cloud providers offering quantum hardware as a service to improve performance at lower cost. Although these providers provide flexibility to the users to choose from several qubit technologies, quantum…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Rupshali Roy , Swaroop Ghosh

A major challenge in practical quantum computation is the ineludible errors caused by the interaction of quantum systems with their environment. Fault-tolerant schemes, in which logical qubits are encoded by several physical qubits, enable…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-12-17 Kai Sun , Jin-Shi Xu , Xiao-Ye Xu , Yong-Jian Han , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

Error correcting codes use multi-qubit measurements to realize fault-tolerant quantum logic steps. In fact, the resources needed to scale-up fault-tolerant quantum computing hardware are largely set by this task. Tailoring next-generation…

Early demonstrations of fault tolerant quantum systems have paved the way for logical-level compilation. For fault-tolerant applications to succeed, execution must finish with a low total program error rate (i.e., a low program failure…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-19 Sayam Sethi , Sahil Khan , Maxwell Poster , Abhinav Anand , Jonathan Mark Baker

Vast numbers of qubits will be needed for large-scale quantum computing due to the overheads associated with error correction. We present a scheme for low-overhead fault-tolerant quantum computation based on quantum low-density parity-check…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-05-24 Lawrence Z. Cohen , Isaac H. Kim , Stephen D. Bartlett , Benjamin J. Brown

Recently, usage of detecting regions facilitated the discovery of new circuits for fault-tolerantly implementing the surface code. Building on these ideas, we present LUCI, a framework for constructing fault-tolerant circuits flexible…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-10 Dripto M. Debroy , Matt McEwen , Craig Gidney , Noah Shutty , Adam Zalcman

We consider hierarchically implemented quantum error correction (HI-QEC), in which the fidelities of logical qubits are differentially optimized to enhance the capabilities of quantum devices in scientific applications. By employing qubit…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-01-05 Natalie Klco , Martin J. Savage

As current experiments already realize small quantum circuits on error corrected qubits, it is important to fully understand the effect of physical errors on the logical error channels of these fault-tolerant circuits. Here, we investigate…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-01-15 Bálint Domokos , Áron Márton , János K. Asbóth

Color codes are promising quantum error correction (QEC) codes because they have an advantage over surface codes in that all Clifford gates can be implemented transversally. However, thresholds of color codes under circuit-level noise are…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-09-18 Yugo Takada , Keisuke Fujii

Fabrication errors pose a significant challenge in scaling up solid-state quantum devices to the sizes required for fault-tolerant (FT) quantum applications. To mitigate the resource overhead caused by fabrication errors, we combine two…

Using error correcting codes and fault tolerant techniques, it is possible, at least in theory, to produce logical qubits with significantly lower error rates than the underlying physical qubits. Suppose, however, that the gates that act on…

量子物理 · 物理学 2016-12-06 M. B. Hastings

To make practical quantum algorithms work, large-scale quantum processors protected by error-correcting codes are required to resist noise and ensure reliable computational outcomes. However, a major challenge arises from defects in…

In this short review, I draw attention to new developments in the theory of fault tolerance in quantum computation that may give concrete direction to future work in the development of superconducting qubit systems. The basics of quantum…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-05-13 David P. DiVincenzo

Designs for quantum error correction depend strongly on the connectivity of the qubits. For solid state qubits, the most straightforward approach is to have connectivity constrained to a planar graph. Practical considerations may also…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-12-17 Bence Hetényi , James R. Wootton

In ideal quantum circuits, qubits are tacitly assumed to be uniformly fabricated and operated by prescribed signals. In reality, however, we must cope with different control signals to adjust individual qubits, which requires a large…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-10-15 Tetsufumi Tanamoto , Masahito Ueda

Quantum error correction, which utilizes logical qubits that are encoded as redundant multiple physical qubits to find and correct errors in physical qubits, is indispensable for practical quantum computing. Surface code is considered to be…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-15 Hoshitaro Ohnishi , Hideo Mukai

Quantum Error Correction (QEC) codes store information reliably in logical qubits by encoding them in a larger number of less reliable qubits. The surface code, known for its high resilience to physical errors, is a leading candidate for…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-06-13 Satvik Maurya , Swamit Tannu

Quantum codes excel at correcting local noise but fail to correct leakage faults that excite qubits to states outside the computational space. Aliferis and Terhal have shown that an accuracy threshold exists for leakage faults using gadgets…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-09-29 Martin Suchara , Andrew W. Cross , Jay M. Gambetta