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Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) adapts an atomic force microscope to measure electric potential on surfaces at nanometer length scales. Here we demonstrate that Heterodyne-KPFM enables scan rates of several frames per minute in air,…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2016-06-22 Joseph L. Garrett , Jeremy N. Munday

We compare the three most commonly used scanning probe techniques to obtain a reliable value of the work function in graphene domains of different thickness. The surface potential (SP) of graphene is directly measured in Hall bar geometry…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2013-05-03 Vishal Panchal , Ruth Pearce , Rositza Yakimova , Alexander Tzalenchuk , Olga Kazakova

We report the development of a variable-temperature Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) system capable of stable and highly sensitive operation over a wide temperature range based on a GM-cooler-based cryogen-free cryostat. The system…

应用物理 · 物理学 2025-07-15 Namkyung Lee , Seungwon Jung , Baeksan Jang , Sangwook Ha , Joonho Jang

Scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) is a powerful technique for macroscopic imaging of the electrostatic potential above a surface. Though most often used to image work-function variations of conductive surfaces, it can also be used to…

应用物理 · 物理学 2025-06-10 Isaac C. D. Lenton , Felix Pertl , Lubuna Shafeek , Scott R. Waitukaitis

Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is a powerful tool for studying contact electrification at the nanoscale, but converting KPFM voltage maps to charge density maps is non-trivial due to long-range forces and complex system geometry. Here…

软凝聚态物质 · 物理学 2022-11-30 Felix Pertl , Juan Carlos Sobarzo , Lubuna Shafeek , Tobias Cramer , Scott Waitukaitis

Scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) is a powerful technique for investigating the electrostatic properties of material surfaces, enabling the imaging of variations in work function, topology, surface charge density, or combinations…

应用物理 · 物理学 2024-07-26 Isaac C. D. Lenton , Felix Pertl , Lubuna Shafeek , Scott R. Waitukaitis

Optoelectronic phenomena in materials such as organic/inorganic hybrid perovskites depend on a complex interplay between light induced carrier generation and fast (electronic) and slower (ionic) processes, all of which are known to be…

Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is a powerful tool for studying contact electrification, using an tiny tip to image voltages caused by transferred charge. It has been used in stationary studies focused on finding patterns (e.g.…

软凝聚态物质 · 物理学 2025-02-19 Felix Pertl , Isaac C. D. Lenton , Tobias Cramer , Scott Waitukaitis

Measurements of the Casimir force require the elimination of electrostatic interactions between the surfaces. However, due to electrostatic patch potentials, the voltage required to minimize the total force may not be sufficient to…

其他凝聚态物理 · 物理学 2015-05-14 Joseph L. Garrett , David Somers , Jeremy N. Munday

Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) is widely used to measure the surface potential on samples, from which electrostatic patch force can be calculated. However, since the KPFM measurements represent a weighted average of local potentials…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2025-01-22 Kun Shi , Pengshun Luo , Jinquan Liu , Hang Yin , Zebing Zhou

Reducing the dimensions of ferroelectric materials down to the nanoscale has strong implications on the ferroelectric polarization pattern and on the ability to switch the polarization. As the size of ferroelectric domains shrinks to…

Correlative nanoscale surface characterization benefits from simultaneously measuring electronic and structural properties in the same environment, a capability that is essential for modern-day materials science and semiconductor failure…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2026-05-18 Prabhu Prasad Swain , Nahid Hosseini , Eveline. S Mayner , Aleksandra Radenovic , Marcos Penedo , Georg E. Fantner

We report a new experimental technique for Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) using the dissipation signal of frequency modulation atomic force microscopy for bias voltage feedback. It features a simple implementation and faster scanning…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2015-11-24 Yoichi Miyahara , Jessica Topple , Zeno Schumacher , Peter Grutter

Imaging mechanisms in contact Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (cKPFM) are explored via information theory-based methods. Gaussian Processes are used to achieve super-resolution in the cKPFM signal, effectively extrapolating across the spatial…

Fundamental mechanisms of energy storage, corrosion, sensing, and multiple biological functionalities are directly coupled to electrical processes and ionic dynamics at solid-liquid interfaces. In many cases, these processes are spatially…

材料科学 · 物理学 2017-01-25 Liam Collins , Jason Kilpatrick , Sergei V. Kalinin , Brian J. Rodriguez

Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is a popular tool for studying properties of semiconductors. However, the interpretation of its results is complicated by the possibility of so-called band bending and the presence of surface charges. In…

材料科学 · 物理学 2016-06-22 Leo Polak , Rinke J. Wijngaarden

We report a Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) implementation using the dissipation signal of a frequency modulation atomic force microscopy that is capable of detecting the gradient of electrostatic force rather than electrostatic force.…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2017-04-21 Yoichi Miyahara , Peter Grutter

Graphene, a two-dimensional (2D) material with unique electronic properties, appears to be an ideal object for the application of surface-science methods. Among them, a family of scanning probe microscopy methods (STM, AFM, KPFM) and the…

材料科学 · 物理学 2015-03-30 Yuriy Dedkov , Elena Voloshina , Mikhail Fonin

Devices made from two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene or transition metal dichalcogenides possess interesting electronic properties that can become accessible to experimental probes when the samples are protected from…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2019-07-16 Michael A. Altvater , Tianhui Zhu , Guohong Li , Kenji Watanabe , Takashi Taniguchi , Eva Y. Andrei

A numerical analysis of the origin of the atomic-scale contrast in Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is presented. Atomistic simulations of the tip-sample interaction force field have been combined with a non-contact Atomic Force…

原子与分子团簇 · 物理学 2009-07-24 Laurent Nony , Adam S. Foster , Franck Bocquet , Christian Loppacher
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