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The Lie-Trotter formula, together with its higher-order generalizations, provides a direct approach to decomposing the exponential of a sum of operators. Despite significant effort, the error scaling of such product formulas remains poorly…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-02-05 Andrew M. Childs , Yuan Su , Minh C. Tran , Nathan Wiebe , Shuchen Zhu

Hamiltonian simulation is one of the most promising applications of quantum computers, and the product formula is one of the most important methods for this purpose. Previous related work has mainly focused on the worst$-$case or…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-09-04 Langyu Li

Trotter decomposition provides a simple approach to simulating open quantum systems by decomposing the Lindbladian into a sum of individual terms. While it is established that Trotter errors in Hamiltonian simulation depend on nested…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-31 Xinzhao Wang , Shuo Zhou , Xiaoyang Wang , Yi-Cong Zheng , Shengyu Zhang , Tongyang Li

Suppressing the Trotter error in dynamical quantum simulation typically requires running deeper circuits, posing a great challenge for noisy near-term quantum devices. Studies have shown that the empirical error is usually much smaller than…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-02-12 Yi-Hsiang Chen

We consider simulating quantum systems on digital quantum computers. We show that the performance of quantum simulation can be improved by simultaneously exploiting commutativity of the target Hamiltonian, sparsity of interactions, and…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-07-06 Yuan Su , Hsin-Yuan Huang , Earl T. Campbell

Known as no fast-forwarding theorem in quantum computing, the simulation time for the Hamiltonian evolution needs to be $O(\|H\| t)$ in the worst case, which essentially states that one can not go across the multiple scales as the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-01-30 Yonah Borns-Weil , Di Fang

Trotterization is the most common and convenient approximation method for Hamiltonian simulations on digital quantum computers, but estimating its error accurately is computationally difficult for large quantum systems. Here, we develop a…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-09-19 Tatsuhiko N. Ikeda , Hideki Kono , Keisuke Fujii

Trotter product formulas constitute a cornerstone quantum Hamiltonian simulation technique. However, the efficient implementation of Hamiltonian evolution of nested commutators remains an under explored area. In this work, we construct…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-01-22 F. Casas , A. Escorihuela-Tomàs , P. A. Moreno Casares

The accuracy of quantum dynamics simulation is usually measured by the error of the unitary evolution operator in the operator norm, which in turn depends on certain norm of the Hamiltonian. For unbounded operators, after suitable…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-05-26 Dong An , Di Fang , Lin Lin

Simulating quantum dynamics beyond the reach of classical computers is one of the main envisioned applications of quantum computers. The most promising quantum algorithms to this end in the near-term are the simplest, which use the Trotter…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-05-25 David Layden

Trotter product formulas are a natural and powerful approach to perform quantum simulation. However, the error analysis of product formulas is challenging, and their cost is often overestimated. It is established that Trotter error can be…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-10-14 Nick S. Blunt , Aleksei V. Ivanov , Andreas Juul Bay-Smidt

Efficient error estimates for the Trotter product formula are central in quantum computing, mathematical physics, and numerical simulations. However, the Trotter error's dependency on the input state and its application to unbounded…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-11-28 Daniel Burgarth , Paolo Facchi , Alexander Hahn , Mattias Johnsson , Kazuya Yuasa

We establish tight connections between entanglement entropy and the approximation error in Trotter-Suzuki product formulas for Hamiltonian simulation. Product formulas remain the workhorse of quantum simulation on near-term devices, yet…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-02-03 Prateek P. Kulkarni

Recent work has deployed linear combinations of unitaries techniques to reduce the cost of fault-tolerant quantum simulations of correlated electron models. Here, we show that one can sometimes improve upon those results with optimized…

Efficiently simulating many-body quantum systems with Coulomb interactions is a fundamental question in quantum physics, quantum chemistry, and quantum computing, yet it presents unique challenges: the Hamiltonian is an unbounded operator…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-04-10 Di Fang , Xiaoxu Wu

We significantly enhance the simulation accuracy of initial Trotter circuits for Hamiltonian simulation of quantum systems by integrating first-order Riemannian optimization with tensor network methods. Unlike previous approaches, our…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-12-30 Isabel Nha Minh Le , Shuo Sun , Christian B. Mendl

Trotterization is a technique that allows one to approximate a time evolution of a Hamiltonian by repeatedly evolving the individual terms of the Hamiltonian one-at-a-time for small time durations. Bounds on the error of this approximation…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-04-28 Reuben Tate , Shamminuj Aktar , Stephan Eidenbenz

We report experimental digital quantum simulation of the one-dimensional Fermi-Hubbard model on a superconducting quantum processor at a scale beyond the reach of exact statevector simulation and challenging for state-of-the-art…

In analog and digital simulations of practically relevant quantum systems, the target dynamics can only be implemented approximately. The Trotter product formula is the most common approximation scheme as it is a generic method which allows…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-03-21 Alexander Hahn , Paul Hartung , Daniel Burgarth , Paolo Facchi , Kazuya Yuasa

In this work we propose an approach for implementing time-evolution of a quantum system using product formulas. The quantum algorithms we develop have provably better scaling (in terms of gate complexity and circuit depth) than a naive…

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