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Identifying heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) in randomized controlled trials is an important step toward understanding and acting on trial results. However, HTEs are often small and difficult to identify, and HTE modeling methods…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2020-11-24 Erin Craig , Donald A Redelmeier , Robert J Tibshirani

Understanding whether and how treatment effects vary across subgroups is crucial to inform clinical practice and recommendations. Accordingly, the assessment of heterogeneous treatment effects (HTE) based on pre-specified potential effect…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2023-12-04 Bryan S. Blette , Scott D. Halpern , Fan Li , Michael O. Harhay

Heterogeneous Treatment Effect (HTE) and Conditional Average Treatment Effect (CATE) models relax the assumption that treatment effects are the same for every user. We present a large scale industrial framework for estimating HTE using…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-04 Jing Pan , Li Shi , Paul Lo

This paper studies the interactive fixed effects (IFE) estimator in a panel-data setting with heterogeneous treatment effects. We show that, if the treatment-effect heterogeneity admits a linear factor structure, the IFE estimator could…

计量经济学 · 经济学 2026-05-01 Murilo Cardoso , Bruno Ferman , Marcelo Fernandes

We provide sufficient conditions for the identification of the heterogeneous treatment effects, defined as the conditional expectation for the differences of potential outcomes given the untreated outcome, under the nonignorable treatment…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2019-01-15 Keisuke Takahata , Takahiro Hoshino

This paper proposes a model-free approach to analyze panel data with heterogeneous dynamic structures across observational units. We first compute the sample mean, autocovariances, and autocorrelations for each unit, and then estimate the…

计量经济学 · 经济学 2019-01-16 Ryo Okui , Takahide Yanagi

Identifying heterogeneity in a population's response to a health or policy intervention is crucial for evaluating and informing policy decisions. We propose a novel heterogeneous treatment effect estimator in the difference-in-differences…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2021-08-24 Xinkun Nie , Chen Lu , Stefan Wager

Randomized controlled experiment has long been accepted as the golden standard for establishing causal link and estimating causal effect in various scientific fields. Average treatment effect is often used to summarize the effect…

应用统计 · 统计学 2016-10-14 Alex Deng , Pengchuan Zhang , Shouyuan Chen , Dong Woo Kim , Jiannan Lu

Accurately estimating heterogeneous treatment effects (HTE) in longitudinal settings is essential for personalized decision-making across healthcare, public policy, education, and digital marketing. However, time-varying interventions…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-10-28 Lei Shi , Sizhu Lu , Qiuran Lyu , Peng Ding , Nikos Vlassis

The application of transfer learning, leveraging knowledge from source domains to enhance model performance in a target domain, has significantly grown, supporting diverse real-world applications. Its success often relies on shared…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-19 Runxue Bao , Yiming Sun , Yuhe Gao , Jindong Wang , Qiang Yang , Zhi-Hong Mao , Ye Ye

Learning from heterogeneous data poses challenges such as combining data from various sources and of different types. Meanwhile, heterogeneous data are often associated with missingness in real-world applications due to heterogeneity and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-02-26 Yu Gong , Hossein Hajimirsadeghi , Jiawei He , Thibaut Durand , Greg Mori

Panel data methods are widely used in empirical analysis to address unobserved heterogeneity, but causal inference remains challenging when treatments are endogenous and confounding variables high-dimensional and potentially nonlinear.…

计量经济学 · 经济学 2026-03-24 Anna Baiardi , Paul S. Clarke , Andrea A. Naghi , Annalivia Polselli

Quantifying the heterogeneity of treatment effect is important for understanding how a commercial product or medical treatment affects different population subgroups. While much of treatment effect heterogeneity analysis focuses on the…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2026-03-03 Haodong Li , Alan E Hubbard , Oliver J Hines , Andrea M Storås , Kajsa Kvist , Mark van der Laan

Online controlled experiments (a.k.a. A/B testing) have been used as the mantra for data-driven decision making on feature changing and product shipping in many Internet companies. However, it is still a great challenge to systematically…

应用统计 · 统计学 2018-08-16 Yuxiang Xie , Nanyu Chen , Xiaolin Shi

This paper studies treatment effect models in which individuals are classified into unobserved groups based on heterogeneous treatment rules. Using a finite mixture approach, we propose a marginal treatment effect (MTE) framework in which…

计量经济学 · 经济学 2022-05-24 Tadao Hoshino , Takahide Yanagi

In biomedical science, analyzing treatment effect heterogeneity plays an essential role in assisting personalized medicine. The main goals of analyzing treatment effect heterogeneity include estimating treatment effects in clinically…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2022-12-06 Waverly Wei , Maya Petersen , Mark J van der Laan , Zeyu Zheng , Chong Wu , Jingshen Wang

Heterogeneous treatment effect (HTE) estimation is critical in medical research. It provides insights into how treatment effects vary among individuals, which can provide statistical evidence for precision medicine. While most existing…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-04-25 Ke Wan , Kensuke Tanioka , Toshio Shimokawa

We study treatment-effect estimation using panel data. The treatment may be non-binary, non-absorbing, and the outcome may be affected by treatment lags. We make a parallel-trends assumption, and propose event-study estimators of the effect…

计量经济学 · 经济学 2026-05-13 Clément de Chaisemartin , Xavier D'Haultfœuille

Data from observational studies (OSs) is widely available and readily obtainable yet frequently contains confounding biases. On the other hand, data derived from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) helps to reduce these biases; however, it…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2024-10-30 Dong Yao , Caizhi Tang , Qing Cui , Longfei Li

Estimation of heterogeneous treatment effects is an essential component of precision medicine. Model and algorithm-based methods have been developed within the causal inference framework to achieve valid estimation and inference. Existing…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2021-05-10 Ruohong Li , Honglang Wang , Wanzhu Tu