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Randomized algorithms are often enjoyed for their simplicity, but the hash functions employed to yield the desired probabilistic guarantees are often too complicated to be practical. Here we survey recent results on how simple hashing…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2017-01-04 Mikkel Thorup

Despite being one of the oldest data structures in computer science, hash tables continue to be the focus of a great deal of both theoretical and empirical research. A central reason for this is that many of the fundamental properties that…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2023-10-24 Michael A. Bender , Alex Conway , Martín Farach-Colton , William Kuszmaul , Guido Tagliavini

Random hashing can provide guarantees regarding the performance of data structures such as hash tables---even in an adversarial setting. Many existing families of hash functions are universal: given two data objects, the probability that…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2018-10-16 Dmytro Ivanchykhin , Sergey Ignatchenko , Daniel Lemire

Randomized algorithms are often enjoyed for their simplicity, but the hash functions used to yield the desired theoretical guarantees are often neither simple nor practical. Here we show that the simplest possible tabulation hashing…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2011-05-10 Mihai Patrascu , Mikkel Thorup

In the problem of minimal perfect hashing, we are given a size $k$ subset $\mathcal{A}$ of a universe of keys $[n] = \{1,2, \cdots, n\}$, for which we wish to construct a hash function $h: [n] \to [k]$ such that $h(\cdot)$ maps…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Ryan Song , Emre Telatar

For nearly six decades, the central open question in the study of hash tables has been to determine the optimal achievable tradeoff curve between time and space. State-of-the-art hash tables offer the following guarantee: If keys/values are…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2021-11-05 Michael A. Bender , Martín Farach-Colton , John Kuszmaul , William Kuszmaul , Mingmou Liu

Perfect hash functions can potentially be used to compress data in connection with a variety of data management tasks. Though there has been considerable work on how to construct good perfect hash functions, there is a gap between theory…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2007-05-23 Fabiano C. Botelho , Rasmus Pagh , Nivio Ziviani

In this work we study Invertible Bloom Lookup Tables (IBLTs) with small failure probabilities. IBLTs are highly versatile data structures that have found applications in set reconciliation protocols, error-correcting codes, and even the…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2024-11-27 Nils Fleischhacker , Kasper Green Larsen , Maciej Obremski , Mark Simkin

A hash table is said to be open-addressed (or non-obliviously open-addressed) if it stores elements (and free slots) in an array with no additional metadata. Intuitively, open-addressed hash tables must incur a space-time tradeoff: The…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2025-03-19 Michael A. Bender , William Kuszmaul , Renfei Zhou

In this work, attempt is made to select three good hash functions which uniformly distribute hash values that permute their internal states and allow the input bits to generate different output bits. These functions are used in different…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2009-05-27 A. T. Akinwalle , F. T. Ibharalu

The retrieval problem is the problem of associating data with keys in a set. Formally, the data structure must store a function f: U ->{0,1}^r that has specified values on the elements of a given set S, a subset of U, |S|=n, but may have…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2008-03-27 Martin Dietzfelbinger , Rasmus Pagh

Consistent Hashing functions are widely used for load balancing across a variety of applications. However, the original presentation and typical implementations of Consistent Hashing rely on randomised allocation of hash codes to keys which…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2015-03-19 Matthew Sackman

The power of two choices is a classic paradigm for load balancing when assigning $m$ balls to $n$ bins. When placing a ball, we pick two bins according to two hash functions $h_0$ and $h_1$, and place the ball in the least loaded bin.…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2016-01-26 Søren Dahlgaard , Mathias Bæk Tejs Knudsen , Eva Rotenberg , Mikkel Thorup

We describe a consistent hashing algorithm which performs multiple lookups per key in a hash table of nodes. It requires no additional storage beyond the hash table, and achieves a peak-to-average load ratio of 1 + epsilon with just 1 +…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2015-05-04 Ben Appleton , Michael O'Reilly

Property-preserving hash functions allow for compressing long inputs $x_0$ and $x_1$ into short hashes $h(x_0)$ and $h(x_1)$ in a manner that allows for computing a predicate $P(x_0, x_1)$ given only the two hash values without having…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-06-14 Nils Fleischhacker , Kasper Green Larsen , and Mark Simkin

Given a specified average load factor, hash tables offer the appeal of constant time lookup operations. However, hash tables could face severe hash collisions because of malicious attacks, buggy applications, or even bursts of incoming…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2020-06-02 Junchang Wang , Xiong Fu , Fu Xiao , Chen Tian

cryptographic hash function is a deterministic procedure that compresses an arbitrary block of numerical data and returns a fixed-size bit string. There exist many hash functions: MD5, HAVAL, SHA, ... It was reported that these hash…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2011-11-23 Rene Ndoundam , Juvet Karnel Sadie

We study randomness properties of graphs and hypergraphs generated by simple hash functions. Several hashing applications can be analyzed by studying the structure of $d$-uniform random ($d$-partite) hypergraphs obtained from a set $S$ of…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2016-11-02 Martin Aumüller , Martin Dietzfelbinger , Philipp Woelfel

Given a set $S$ of $n$ keys, a perfect hash function for $S$ maps the keys in $S$ to the first $m \geq n$ integers without collisions. It may return an arbitrary result for any key not in $S$ and is called minimal if $m = n$. The most…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2026-02-06 Hans-Peter Lehmann , Thomas Mueller , Rasmus Pagh , Giulio Ermanno Pibiri , Peter Sanders , Sebastiano Vigna , Stefan Walzer

A hash function is constructed based on a three-layer neural network. The three neuron-layers are used to realize data confusion, diffusion and compression respectively, and the multi-block hash mode is presented to support the plaintext…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2007-07-30 Shiguo Lian , Jinsheng Sun , Zhiquan Wang
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