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Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) can be represented as graphs whose links and vertices iteratively process data and solve tasks sub-optimally. Complex Network Theory (CNT), merging statistical physics with graph theory, provides a method for…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable performance across a wide range of applications, while they are vulnerable to adversarial examples, which motivates the evaluation and benchmark of model robustness. However, current…

Artificial neural networks (NN) are instrumental in realizing highly-automated driving functionality. An overarching challenge is to identify best safety engineering practices for NN and other learning-enabled components. In particular,…

For Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to become useful in safety-critical applications, such as self-driving cars and disease diagnosis, they must be stable to perturbations in input and model parameters. Characterizing the sensitivity of a DNN…

This work presents an in-depth analysis of the majority of the deep neural networks (DNNs) proposed in the state of the art for image recognition. For each DNN multiple performance indices are observed, such as recognition accuracy, model…

Most of the Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) based CT image denoising literature shows that DNNs outperform traditional iterative methods in terms of metrics such as the RMSE, the PSNR and the SSIM. In many instances, using the same metrics, the…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are widely used in perception systems for safety-critical applications, such as autonomous driving and robotics. However, DNNs remain vulnerable to various safety concerns, including generalization errors,…

With the increasing adoption of Deep Neural Network (DNN) models as integral parts of software systems, efficient operational testing of DNNs is much in demand to ensure these models' actual performance in field conditions. A challenge is…

The use of deep neural networks (DNNs) in safety-critical applications like mobile health and autonomous driving is challenging due to numerous model-inherent shortcomings. These shortcomings are diverse and range from a lack of…

In this paper, we interpret Deep Neural Networks with Complex Network Theory. Complex Network Theory (CNT) represents Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) as directed weighted graphs to study them as dynamical systems. We efficiently adapt CNT…

As deep neural networks (DNNs) are increasingly used in safety-critical applications, there is a growing concern for their reliability. Even highly trained, high-performant networks are not 100% accurate. However, it is very difficult to…

Great advances in deep neural networks (DNNs) have led to state-of-the-art performance on a wide range of tasks. However, recent studies have shown that DNNs are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, which have brought great concerns when…

Robustness of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) is an important aspect to consider for their clinical applications. This work examined robustness issue for a DNN-based multi-class classification model via comprehensive experimental and simulation…

Explainability has been widely stated as a cornerstone of the responsible and trustworthy use of machine learning models. With the ubiquitous use of Deep Neural Network (DNN) models expanding to risk-sensitive and safety-critical domains,…

While state-of-the-art Deep Neural Network (DNN) models are considered to be robust to random perturbations, it was shown that these architectures are highly vulnerable to deliberately crafted perturbations, albeit being…

Dynamic Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) combine temporal information with GNNs to capture structural, temporal, and contextual relationships in dynamic graphs simultaneously, leading to enhanced performance in various applications. As the…

Motivated by the success of traditional software testing, numerous diversity measures have been proposed for testing deep neural networks (DNNs). In this study, we propose a shift in perspective, advocating for the consideration of DNN…

Deep Learning (DL) algorithms have gained popularity owing to their practical problem-solving capacity. However, they suffer from a serious integrity threat, i.e., their vulnerability to adversarial attacks. In the quest for DL…

Safety is one of the most important development goals for highly automated driving (HAD) systems. This applies in particular to the perception function driven by Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). For these, large parts of the traditional safety…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are instrumental in realizing complex perception systems. As many of these applications are safety-critical by design, engineering rigor is required to ensure that the functional insufficiency of the DNN-based…