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Arrays of hundreds or thousands of low temperature detectors have been deployed for many experiments, both bolometers for long wavelength applications and calorimeters for shorter wavelength applications. One challenge that is common to…

Large arrays of cryogenic sensors for various imaging applications ranging across x-ray, gamma-ray, Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), mm/sub-mm, as well as particle detection increasingly rely on superconducting microresonators for high…

The Transition-Edge Sensors (TES) is a mature, high-resolution x-ray spectrometer technology that provides a much higher efficiency than dispersive spectrometers such as gratings and crystal spectrometers. As larger arrays are developed,…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2018-06-08 K. D. Irwin , S. Chaudhuri , H. -M. Cho , C. Dawson , S. Kuenstner , D. Li , C. J. Titus , B. A. Young

Frequency domain multiplexing (fMux) is an established technique for the readout of transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers in millimeter-wavelength astrophysical instrumentation. In fMux, the signals from multiple detectors are read out on…

The SLAC Microresonator Radio Frequency (SMuRF) electronics is being deployed as the readout for the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) telescopes of the Simons Observatory (SO). A Radio Frequency System-on-Chip (RFSoC) based readout of…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2024-06-21 Chao Liu , Zeeshan Ahmed , Shawn W. Henderson , Ryan Herbst , Larry Ruckman , Thomas Satterthwaite

Recent advances in the development of cryogenic particle detectors such as magnetic microcalorimeters (MMCs) allow the fabrication of sensor arrays with an increasing number of pixels. Since these detectors must be operated at the lowest…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2025-10-22 T. Muscheid , R. Gartmann , N. Karcher , F. Schuderer , M. Neidig , L. E. Ardila-Perez , M. Balzer , S. Kempf , O. Sander

So far, performance prediction and optimization of microwave SQUID multiplexers has largely been based on simple approximate analytical models and experimental results. This is caused by the complexity of the underlying physics and the…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2023-01-31 Constantin Schuster , Mathias Wegner , Sebastian Kempf

Digital frequency multiplexing (dfMux) is a readout architecture for transition edge sensor-based detector arrays and is used on telescopes including SPT-3G, POLARBEAR-2, and LiteBIRD. Here, we present recent progress and plans for…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2018-07-17 Amy E. Lowitz , Amy N. Bender , Matthew A. Dobbs , Adam J. Gilbert

Superconducting microcalorimeters, such as superconducting transition-edge sensors and magnetic microcalorimeters, have emerged as state-of-the-art detectors for X-ray emission spectroscopy by combining near-unity quantum efficiency with…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2026-04-29 Jodok Zeuner , Constantin Schuster , Sebastian Kempf

As we have seen for digital camera market and a sensor resolution increasing to "megapixels", all the scientific and high-tech imagers (whatever the wave length - from radio to X-ray range) tends also to always increases the pixels number.…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2015-09-02 Damien Prêle

The readout of transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers with a large multiplexing factor is key for the next generation Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiment, Polarbear-2, having 7,588 TES bolometers. To enable the large arrays, we…

A digital frequency multiplexing (DfMUX) system has been developed and used to tune large arrays of transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers read out with SQUID arrays for mm-wavelength cosmology telescopes. The DfMUX system multiplexes the…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2015-05-14 K. MacDermid , P. Hyland , F. Aubin , E. Bissonnette , M. Dobbs , J. Hubmayr , G. Smecher , S. Warraich

CMB-S4 is the fourth-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background project, designed to probe the early universe and cosmic inflation. CMB-S4 would achieve its science goals in part by dramatically increasing the number of transition…

We present an advanced model for describing the readout power dependence of the resonance characteristics of a microwave SQUID multiplexer. Our model proves valid for SQUID screening parameters up to $\beta_\mathrm{L}<1$, hence covering the…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2026-04-09 Martin Neidig , Mathias Wegner , Sebastian Kempf

We report on the development of an analytical model describing the readout power and SQUID hysteresis parameter dependence of the resonator characteristics used for frequency encoding in microwave SQUID multiplexers. Within the context of…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2022-06-08 Mathias Wegner , Christian Enss , Sebastian Kempf

The next-generation of cryogenic neutrinoless double-beta decay experiments require increasingly fast readout in order to improve background discrimination. These experiments, operated as cryogenic calorimeters at $\sim$10 mK, are usually…

We introduce and experimentally characterize a general purpose device for signal processing in circuit quantum electrodynamics systems. The device is a broadband two-port microwave circuit element with three modes of operation: it can…

In this paper, we present a reconfigurable multiplex (MUX) setup that increases the throughput of electrical characterisation at cryogenic temperature. The setup separates the MUX circuitry from quantum device under test (qDUT), allowing…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2024-03-29 Xinya Bian , Hannah J Joyce , Charles G Smith , Michael J Kelly , G Andrew D Briggs , Jan A Mol