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Quantum repeaters have promised efficient scaling of quantum networks for over two decades. Despite numerous platforms proclaiming functional repeaters, the realization of large-scale networks remains elusive, indicating that the resources…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-02-27 Manik Dawar , Ralf Riedinger , Nilesh Vyas , Paulo Mendes

A feasible route towards implementing long-distance quantum key distribution (QKD) systems relies on probabilistic schemes for entanglement distribution and swapping as proposed in the work of Duan, Lukin, Cirac, and Zoller (DLCZ) [Nature…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-03-17 Jeyran Amirloo , Mohsen Razavi , A. Hamed Majedi

Quantum conferencing enables multiple nodes within a quantum network to share a secure group key for private message broadcasting. The key rate, however, is limited by the repeaterless capacity to distribute multiparticle entangled states…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-01-07 Yuan-Mei Xie , Yu-Shuo Lu , Yao Fu , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

Quantum and private communications are affected by a fundamental limitation which severely restricts the optimal rates that are achievable by two distant parties. To overcome this problem, one needs to introduce quantum repeaters and, more…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-09-30 Stefano Pirandola

We analyze an entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD) architecture that uses a linear chain of quantum repeaters employing photon-pair sources, spectral-multiplexing, linear-optic Bell-state measurements, multi-mode quantum…

Quantum key distribution is a way to distribute secret keys to distant users with information theoretic security and key rates suitable for real-world applications. Its rate-distance figure, however, is limited by the natural loss of the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2018-09-12 Kiyoshi Tamaki , Hoi-Kwong Lo , Wenyuan Wang , Marco Lucamarini

Quantum communication relies on the existence of entanglement between two nodes of a network. However, due to its fragile nature, it is nearly impossible to establish entanglement at large distances through the direct transmission of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-10-18 Sowmitra Das , Md. Saifur Rahman , Mahbub Majumdar

Remote quantum entanglement can enable numerous applications including distributed quantum computation, secure communication, and precision sensing. In this paper, we consider how a quantum network-nodes equipped with limited quantum…

Long-distance quantum communication requires quantum repeaters to overcome photon loss in optical fibers. Here we demonstrate a repeater node with two memory atoms in an optical cavity. Both atoms are individually and repeatedly entangled…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-06-30 S. Langenfeld , P. Thomas , O. Morin , G. Rempe

We present an exact rate analysis for a secret key that can be shared among two parties employing a linear quantum repeater chain. One of our main motivations is to address the question whether simply placing quantum memories along a…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-03-22 Lars Kamin , Evgeny Shchukin , Frank Schmidt , Peter van Loock

Quantum repeaters represent one possible way to achieve long-distance quantum key distribution. Collins et al. in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 060502 (2007)] proposed multiplexing as method to increase the repeater rate and to decrease the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2014-01-08 Silvestre Abruzzo , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

Quantum repeaters are enabling technologies for long-distance quantum communications. Despite the significant progress in the field, we still not only face implementation challenges but also need theoretical solutions that better meet all…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-11-04 Javier Rey-Domínguez , Mohsen Razavi

We propose a quantum repeater protocol and architecture that mitigates decoherence of the entangled states by optimizing the quantum memory buffer time. The protocol maximizes the rate of distillable entanglement in the average accessed…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-03-21 Siddhartha Santra , Liang Jiang , Vladimir Malinovsky

The following submission constitutes a guide and an introduction to a collection of articles submitted as a Ph.D. dissertation at the University of Gda\'nsk. In the dissertation, we study the fundamental limitations within the selected…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-11-15 Marek Winczewski

We analyze various prominent quantum repeater protocols in the context of long-distance quantum key distribution. These protocols are the original quantum repeater proposal by Briegel, D\"ur, Cirac and Zoller, the so-called hybrid quantum…

Quantum communication enables the implementation of tasks that are unachievable with classical resources. However, losses on the communication channel preclude the direct long-distance transmission of quantum information in many relevant…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-11-02 Boxi Li , Tim Coopmans , David Elkouss

Quantum communication is at the forefront of quantum technology, enabling the development of absolutely secure encryption, distributed quantum computing, teleportation and more. Whilst quantum communication has been experimentally…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-05-24 Scott E. Vinay , Pieter Kok

Our objective was to design a quantum repeater capable of achieving one million entangled pairs per second over a distance of 1000km. We failed, but not by much. In this letter we will describe the series of developments that permitted us…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-05-14 W. J. Munro , K. A. Harrison , A. M. Stephens , S. J. Devitt , Kae Nemoto

A quantum key distribution network enables pairs of users to generate independent secret keys by leveraging the principles of quantum physics. For end-to-end secure communication, a user pair's secret key must remain secure against any…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-02-26 Yiming Bian , Yichen Zhang , Song Yu , Zhengyu Li , Hong Guo

All-photonic quantum repeaters are essential for establishing long-range quantum entanglement. Within repeater nodes, reliably performing entanglement swapping is a key component of scalable quantum communication. To tackle the challenge of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-05-14 Bikun Li , Kenneth Goodenough , Filip Rozpędek , Liang Jiang