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This article is concerned with the approximation and expressive powers of deep neural networks. This is an active research area currently producing many interesting papers. The results most commonly found in the literature prove that neural…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-05-08 I. Daubechies , R. DeVore , S. Foucart , B. Hanin , G. Petrova

We prove existence of global minima in the loss landscape for the approximation of continuous target functions using shallow feedforward artificial neural networks with ReLU activation. This property is one of the fundamental artifacts…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-20 Steffen Dereich , Sebastian Kassing

We demonstrate that a very deep ResNet with stacked modules with one neuron per hidden layer and ReLU activation functions can uniformly approximate any Lebesgue integrable function in $d$ dimensions, i.e. $\ell_1(\mathbb{R}^d)$. Because of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-07-05 Hongzhou Lin , Stefanie Jegelka

We generalize the classical universal approximation theorem for neural networks to the case of complex-valued neural networks. Precisely, we consider feedforward networks with a complex activation function $\sigma : \mathbb{C} \to…

泛函分析 · 数学 2022-12-13 Felix Voigtlaender

In this work, we consider the approximation of a large class of bounded functions, with minimal regularity assumptions, by ReLU neural networks. We show that the approximation error can be bounded from above by a quantity proportional to…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-02-27 Owen Davis , Gianluca Geraci , Mohammad Motamed

The universal approximation property uniformly with respect to weakly compact families of measures is established for several classes of neural networks. To that end, we prove that these neural networks are dense in Orlicz spaces, thereby…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-10-13 Mihriban Ceylan , David J. Prömel

Feedforward neural networks have wide applicability in various disciplines of science due to their universal approximation property. Some authors have shown that single hidden layer feedforward neural networks (SLFNs) with fixed weights…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2018-01-04 Namig J. Guliyev , Vugar E. Ismailov

Multiplication layers are a key component in various influential neural network modules, including self-attention and hypernetwork layers. In this paper, we investigate the approximation capabilities of deep neural networks with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-01-12 Ido Ben-Shaul , Tomer Galanti , Shai Dekel

We prove several universal approximation results at minimal or near-minimal width for approximation of $L^p(\mathbb{R}^{d_x}, \mathbb{R}^{d_y})$ and $C^0(\mathbb{R}^{d_x}, \mathbb{R}^{d_y})$ on compact sets. Our approach uses a unified…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2025-12-29 Dennis Rochau , Robin Chan , Hanno Gottschalk

In this paper we investigate the family of functions representable by deep neural networks (DNN) with rectified linear units (ReLU). We give an algorithm to train a ReLU DNN with one hidden layer to *global optimality* with runtime…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-03-01 Raman Arora , Amitabh Basu , Poorya Mianjy , Anirbit Mukherjee

Deep neural networks, as a powerful system to represent high dimensional complex functions, play a key role in deep learning. Convergence of deep neural networks is a fundamental issue in building the mathematical foundation for deep…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-10-04 Wentao Huang , Yuesheng Xu , Haizhang Zhang

In this paper, we have extended the well-established universal approximator theory to neural networks that use the unbounded ReLU activation function and a nonlinear softmax output layer. We have proved that a sufficiently large neural…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-02-12 Behnam Asadi , Hui Jiang

This article concerns the expressive power of depth in neural nets with ReLU activations and bounded width. We are particularly interested in the following questions: what is the minimal width $w_{\text{min}}(d)$ so that ReLU nets of width…

机器学习 · 统计学 2019-10-22 Boris Hanin

The universal approximation theorem is generalised to uniform convergence on the (noncompact) input space $\mathbb{R}^n$. All continuous functions that vanish at infinity can be uniformly approximated by neural networks with one hidden…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-05 Teun D. H. van Nuland

A neural network with one hidden layer or a two-layer network (regardless of the input layer) is the simplest feedforward neural network, whose mechanism may be the basis of more general network architectures. However, even to this type of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-14 Changcun Huang

An approach to construct explicit integral representations for two-layer ReLU networks is presented, which provides relatively simple representations for any multivariate polynomial. Quantitative bounds are provided for a particular,…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-05-13 Anthony Lee

This article concerns the expressive power of depth in deep feed-forward neural nets with ReLU activations. Specifically, we answer the following question: for a fixed $d_{in}\geq 1,$ what is the minimal width $w$ so that neural nets with…

机器学习 · 统计学 2018-03-13 Boris Hanin , Mark Sellke

In this paper, we explain the universal approximation capabilities of deep residual neural networks through geometric nonlinear control. Inspired by recent work establishing links between residual networks and control systems, we provide a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-12 Paulo Tabuada , Bahman Gharesifard

We develop a geometric approximation theory for deep feed-forward neural networks with ReLU activations. Given a $d$-dimensional hypersurface in $\mathbb{R}^{d+1}$ represented as the graph of a $C^2$-function $\phi$, we show that a deep…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-08 Jonatan Vallin , Karl Larsson , Mats G. Larson

We study shallow and deep neural networks whose inputs range over a general topological space. The model is built from a prescribed family of continuous feature maps and reduces to multilayer feedforward networks in the Euclidean case. We…

一般拓扑 · 数学 2026-03-24 Vugar Ismailov