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Regression is one of the core problems tackled in supervised learning. Rectified linear unit (ReLU) neural networks generate continuous and piecewise-linear (CPWL) mappings and are the state-of-the-art approach for solving regression…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-08-17 Mehrsa Pourya , Alexis Goujon , Michael Unser

We present new families of continuous piecewise linear (CPWL) functions in Rn having a number of affine pieces growing exponentially in $n$. We show that these functions can be seen as the high-dimensional generalization of the triangle…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-01-20 Vincent Corlay , Joseph J. Boutros , Philippe Ciblat , Loic Brunel

This paper analyzes representations of continuous piecewise linear functions with infinite width, finite cost shallow neural networks using the rectified linear unit (ReLU) as an activation function. Through its integral representation, a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-09-26 Sarah McCarty

We analyze the structure of a one-dimensional deep ReLU neural network (ReLU DNN) in comparison to the model of continuous piecewise linear (CPL) spline functions with arbitrary knots. In particular, we give a recursive algorithm to…

数值分析 · 数学 2022-08-01 Gerlind Plonka , Yannick Riebe , Yurii Kolomoitsev

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between deep neural networks (DNN) with rectified linear unit (ReLU) function as the activation function and continuous piecewise linear (CPWL) functions, especially CPWL functions from the…

数值分析 · 数学 2020-06-02 Juncai He , Lin Li , Jinchao Xu , Chunyue Zheng

In this paper, we consider the problem of automatically designing a Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) Neural Network (NN) architecture (number of layers and number of neurons per layer) with the assurance that it is sufficiently parametrized to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-09-22 James Ferlez , Yasser Shoukry

Neural networks with the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) nonlinearity are described by a vector of parameters $\theta$, and realized as a piecewise linear continuous function $R_{\theta}: x \in \mathbb R^{d} \mapsto R_{\theta}(x) \in \mathbb…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-06-08 Pierre Stock , Rémi Gribonval

The activation function is at the heart of a deep neural networks nonlinearity; the choice of the function has great impact on the success of training. Currently, many practitioners prefer the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) due to its…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-08-24 Jordan Inturrisi , Sui Yang Khoo , Abbas Kouzani , Riccardo Pagliarella

The choice of activation functions is crucial for modern deep neural networks. Popular hand-designed activation functions like Rectified Linear Unit(ReLU) and its variants show promising performance in various tasks and models. Swish, the…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-04-09 Yucong Zhou , Zezhou Zhu , Zhao Zhong

Recent studies have shown that the choice of activation function can significantly affect the performance of deep learning networks. However, the benefits of novel activation functions have been inconsistent and task dependent, and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-01-25 Garrett Bingham , Risto Miikkulainen

The Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) is a foundational activation function in artficial neural networks. Recent literature frequently misattributes its origin to the 2018 (initial) version of this paper, which exclusively investigated ReLU at…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2026-04-15 Abien Fred Agarap

This paper studies the approximation property of ReLU neural networks (NNs) to piecewise constant functions with unknown interfaces in bounded regions in $\mathbb{R}^d$. Under the assumption that the discontinuity interface $\Gamma$ may be…

泛函分析 · 数学 2024-10-23 Zhiqiang Cai , Junpyo Choi , Min Liu

We study the parameterized complexity of testing approximate first-order stationarity at a prescribed point for continuous piecewise-affine (PA) functions, a basic task in nonsmooth optimization. PA functions form a canonical model for…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2026-05-25 Yuhan Ye

Recently, Daubechies, DeVore, Foucart, Hanin, and Petrova introduced a system of piece-wise linear functions, which can be easily reproduced by artificial neural networks with the ReLU activation function and which form a Riesz basis of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-08 Cornelia Schneider , Mario Ullrich , Jan Vybiral

Many feedforward neural networks (NNs) generate continuous and piecewise-linear (CPWL) mappings. Specifically, they partition the input domain into regions on which the mapping is affine. The number of these so-called linear regions offers…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-21 Alexis Goujon , Arian Etemadi , Michael Unser

A deep neural network using rectified linear units represents a continuous piecewise linear (CPWL) function and vice versa. Recent results in the literature estimated that the number of neurons needed to exactly represent any CPWL function…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-01-18 Kuan-Lin Chen , Harinath Garudadri , Bhaskar D. Rao

It is shown that any continuous piecewise affine (CPA) function $\mathbb{R}^2\to\mathbb{R}$ with $p$ pieces can be represented by a ReLU neural network with two hidden layers and $O(p)$ neurons. Unlike prior work, which focused on convex…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-18 Leo Zanotti

Beside the minimization of the prediction error, two of the most desirable properties of a regression scheme are stability and interpretability. Driven by these principles, we propose continuous-domain formulations for one-dimensional…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-12-28 Shayan Aziznejad , Thomas Debarre , Michael Unser

In this paper we investigate the family of functions representable by deep neural networks (DNN) with rectified linear units (ReLU). We give an algorithm to train a ReLU DNN with one hidden layer to *global optimality* with runtime…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-03-01 Raman Arora , Amitabh Basu , Poorya Mianjy , Anirbit Mukherjee

In this paper we contribute to the frequently studied question of how to decompose a continuous piecewise linear (CPWL) function into a difference of two convex CPWL functions. Every CPWL function has infinitely many such decompositions,…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-10-08 Marie-Charlotte Brandenburg , Moritz Grillo , Christoph Hertrich
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