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Websites employ third-party ads and tracking services leveraging cookies and JavaScript code, to deliver ads and track users' behavior, causing privacy concerns. To limit online tracking and block advertisements, several ad-blocking (black)…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2019-06-04 Saad Sajid Hashmi , Muhammad Ikram , Mohamed Ali Kaafar

Recent developments in online tracking make it harder for individuals to detect and block trackers. Some sites have deployed indirect tracking methods, which attempt to uniquely identify a device by asking the browser to perform a…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2019-08-22 Julissa Milligan , Sarah Scheffler , Andrew Sellars , Trishita Tiwari , Ari Trachtenberg , Mayank Varia

Browser fingerprinting is an invasive and opaque stateless tracking technique. Browser vendors, academics, and standards bodies have long struggled to provide meaningful protections against browser fingerprinting that are both accurate and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-08-12 Umar Iqbal , Steven Englehardt , Zubair Shafiq

Numerous surveys have shown that Web users are concerned about the loss of privacy associated with online tracking. Alarmingly, these surveys also reveal that people are also unaware of the amount of data sharing that occurs between ad…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-02-17 Muhammad Ahmad Bashir , Sajjad Arshad , William Robertson , Christo Wilson

Online tracking is a widespread practice on the web with questionable ethics, security, and privacy concerns. While web tracking can offer personalized and curated content to Internet users, it operates as a sophisticated surveillance…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-01-07 Seyed Ali Akhavani , Engin Kirda , Amin Kharraz

Web services commonly employ Content Distribution Networks (CDNs) for performance and security. As web traffic is becoming 100% HTTPS, more and more websites allow CDNs to terminate their HTTPS connections. This practice may expose a…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-02-02 Rui Xin , Shihan Lin , Xiaowei Yang

Domain squatting is a common adversarial practice where attackers register domain names that are purposefully similar to popular domains. In this work, we study a specific type of domain squatting called "combosquatting," in which attackers…

Open access WiFi hotspots are widely deployed in many public places, including restaurants, parks, coffee shops, shopping malls, trains, airports, hotels, and libraries. While these hotspots provide an attractive option to stay connected,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2019-07-05 Suzan Ali , Tousif Osman , Mohammad Mannan , Amr Youssef

The number of computers, tablets and smartphones is increasing rapidly, which entails the ownership and use of multiple devices to perform online tasks. As people move across devices to complete these tasks, their identities becomes…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2016-02-08 Roberto Díaz-Morales

Online tracking has become of increasing concern in recent years, however our understanding of its extent to date has been limited to snapshots from web crawls. Previous at-tempts to measure the tracking ecosystem, have been done using…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2020-07-07 Arjaldo Karaj , Sam Macbeth , Rémi Berson , Josep M. Pujol

In 2002, the European Union (EU) introduced the ePrivacy Directive to regulate the usage of online tracking technologies. Its aim is to make tracking mechanisms explicit while increasing privacy awareness in users. It mandates websites to…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2019-05-03 Martino Trevisan , Stefano Traverso , Hassan Metwalley , Marco Mellia

Data protection regulations, such as GDPR and CCPA, require websites and embedded third-parties, especially advertisers, to seek user consent before they can collect and process user data. Only when the users opt in, can these entities…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-04 Zengrui Liu , Umar Iqbal , Nitesh Saxena

Cookies maintain state across related web traffic. As such, cookies are commonly used for authentication by storing a user's session ID and replacing the need to re-enter credentials in subsequent traffic. These so-called ``session…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-07-22 Liam Tyler , Ivan De Oliveira Nunes

Web-based chatbots provide website owners with the benefits of increased sales, immediate response to their customers, and insight into customer behaviour. While Web-based chatbots are getting popular, they have not received much scrutiny…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-05-18 Nazar Waheed , Muhammad Ikram , Saad Sajid Hashmi , Xiangjian He , Priyadarsi Nanda

In the digital age, e-commerce has transformed the way consumers shop, offering convenience and accessibility. Nevertheless, concerns about the privacy and security of personal information shared on these platforms have risen. In this work,…

Website fingerprinting attacks, which use statistical analysis on network traffic to compromise user privacy, have been shown to be effective even if the traffic is sent over anonymity-preserving networks such as Tor. The classical attack…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2019-02-22 Anatoly Shusterman , Lachlan Kang , Yarden Haskal , Yosef Meltser , Prateek Mittal , Yossi Oren , Yuval Yarom

Today, many web advertising data flows involve passive cross-site tracking of users. Enabling such a mechanism through the usage of third party tracking cookies (3PC) exposes sensitive user data to a large number of parties, with little…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-10-29 Joseph J. Pfeiffer , Denis Charles , Davis Gilton , Young Hun Jung , Mehul Parsana , Erik Anderson

Digital fingerprints have brought great convenience and benefits to many online businesses. However, they pose a significant threat to the privacy and security of ordinary users. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of current…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-02-21 Kaitong Lin , Huazhu Cao , Amin Milani Fard

On the internet, we encounter take-it-or-leave-it choices regarding our privacy on a daily basis. In Europe, online tracking for targeted advertising generally requires the internet users' consent to be lawful. Some websites use a tracking…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2025-10-30 Frederik J. Zuiderveen Borgesius , Sanne Kruikemeier , Sophie C. Boerman , Natali Helberger

Cloud providers' support for network evasion techniques that misrepresent the server's domain name is more prevalent than previously believed, which has serious implications for security and privacy due to the reliance on domain names in…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-07-18 Blake Anderson , David McGrew