相关论文: Measurement of fundamental physical quantities in …

Two dimensionless fundamental physical constants, the fine structure constant $\alpha$ and the proton-to-electron mass ratio $\frac{m_p}{m_e}$ are attributed a particular importance from the point of view of nuclear synthesis, formation of…

Precision measurements of the fundamental constants are tour de force of basic metrology, where the useful information is usually beyond the last digit of the measured value. They challenge theoretical models and measurement technologies…

In his sixth problem, Hilbert called for an axiomatic approach to theoretical physics with an aim to achieve precision and rigour in scientific reasoning, where logic and language (semantics) of physics play the pivotal role. It is from…

This paper presents the gravitational-wave measurement of the Hubble constant ($H_0$) using the detections from the first and second observing runs of the Advanced LIGO and Virgo detector network. The presence of the transient…

We review the detection capabilities in the forward direction of the various LHC experiments together with the associated physics programme. A selection of measurements accessible with near-beam instrumentation in various sectors (and…

The fundamental constants of electromagnetism, gravity and quantum mechanics can be related empirically by the numerical approximation $\ln(V_e/V_P)\approx \alpha^{-1}$, where $\alpha$ is the low energy value of the electromagnetic fine…

Heavy-flavour physics is an essential component of the particle-physics programme, offering critical tests of the Standard Model and far-reaching sensitivity to physics beyond it. Experiments such as LHCb, Belle II, and BESIII drive…

With the advent of the LHC, we will be able to probe New Physics (NP) up to energy scales almost one order of magnitude larger than it has been possible with present accelerator facilities. While direct detection of new particles will be…

We argue that in contrast to the classical physics, the measurements in the quantum mechanics should provide simultaneous information about all relevant relative amplitudes (pure states and the transitions between them) and all relevant…

At the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), protons and heavy ions are accelerated to velocities close to the speed of light and collided in order to study particle interactions and give us…

A new watt balance is being constructed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in preparation for the redefinition of the International System of Units and the realization of mass through an exact value of the Planck…

We derive fundamental limits on measurements of position, arising from quantum mechanics and classical general relativity. First, we show that any primitive probe or target used in an experiment must be larger than the Planck length, $l_P$.…

Since the expansion of the universe was first established by Edwin Hubble and Georges Lemaitre about a century ago, the Hubble constant H0 which measures its rate has been of great interest to astronomers. Besides being interesting in its…

A second major upgrade of the LHCb experiment is necessary to allow full exploitation of the High Luminosity LHC for flavour physics. The new experiment will operate in Run 5 of the LHC at a luminosity up to $1.5\times…

A powerful test of fundamental physics consists on probing the variability of fundamental constants in Nature. Although they have been measured on Earth laboratories and in our Solar neighbourhood with extremely high precision, it is…

The quest to understand the fundamental building blocks of nature and their interactions is one of the oldest and most ambitious of human scientific endeavors. Facilities such as CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC) represent a huge step…

At this beginning of the 21st century, the situation of physics is not without analogy with that which prevailed a hundred years ago, with the outset of the double scientific revolution of relativity and quanta. On the one hand, recent…

The LHC experiments will achieve percent level precision measurements of processes key to some of the most pressing questions of contemporary particle physics: What is the nature of the Higgs boson? Can we successfully describe the…

The completion of Run 1 of the CERN Large Hadron Collider has seen the discovery of the Higgs boson and an unprecedented number of precise measurements of the Standard Model, while Run 2 operation has just started to provide first data at…

A small tabletop experiment for a direct measurement of the speed of light to an accuracy of few percent is described. The experiment is accessible to a wide spectrum of undergraduate students, in particular to students not majoring in…