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Modern circuits face various threats like reverse engineering, theft of intellectual property (IP), side-channel attacks, etc. Here, we present a novel approach for IP protection based on logic encryption (LE). Unlike established schemes…

Intellectual property (IP) piracy has become a non-negligible problem as the integrated circuit (IC) production supply chain is becoming increasingly globalized and separated that enables attacks by potentially untrusted attackers. Logic…

Circuit obfuscation is a recently proposed defense mechanism to protect digital integrated circuits (ICs) from reverse engineering by using camouflaged gates i.e., logic gates whose functionality cannot be precisely determined by the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-03-24 Zhiqian Chen , Gaurav Kolhe , Setareh Rafatirad , Sai Manoj P. D. , Houman Homayoun , Liang Zhao , Chang-Tien Lu

Universal Circuits (UCs) offer a promising approach to hardware Intellectual Property (IP) obfuscation, leveraging cryptographic principles to hide both structure and function in a programmable logic fabric. Their adaptability makes them…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-07 Zain Ul Abideen , Deepali Garg , Lawrence Pileggi , Samuel Pagliarini

Due to the adoption of horizontal business models following the globalization of semiconductor manufacturing, the overproduction of integrated circuits (ICs) and the piracy of intellectual properties (IPs) can lead to significant damage to…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-12-16 Yadi Zhong , Ujjwal Guin

Logic locking is a hardware security technique to intellectual property (IP) against security threats in the IC supply chain, especially untrusted fabs. Such techniques incorporate additional locking circuitry within an IC that induces…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-19 Yuntao Liu , Michael Zuzak , Yang Xie , Abhishek Chakraborty , Ankur Srivastava

Logic locking is a method to prevent intellectual property (IP) piracy. However, under a reasonable attack model, SAT-based methods have proven to be powerful in obtaining the secret key. In response, many locking techniques have been…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-09-23 Joseph Sweeney , Marijn J. H. Heule , Lawrence Pileggi

Logic locking is used to protect integrated circuits (ICs) from piracy and counterfeiting. An encrypted IC implements the correct function only when the right key is input. Many existing logic-locking methods are subject to the powerful…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-03-30 Jingbo Zhou , Xinmiao Zhang

Existing logic-locking attacks are known to successfully decrypt functionally correct key of a locked combinational circuit. It is possible to extend these attacks to real-world Silicon-based Intellectual Properties (IPs, which are…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-02-18 Seetal Potluri , Aydin Aysu , Akash Kumar

Logic locking has been a promising solution to many hardware security threats, such as intellectual property infringement and overproduction. Due to the increased attention that threats have received, many efficient specialized attacks…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-01-12 F. Almeida , L. Aksoy , Q-L. Nguyen , S. Dupuis , M-L. Flottes , S. Pagliarini

Logic locking refers to a set of techniques that can protect integrated circuits (ICs) from counterfeiting, piracy and malicious functionality changes by an untrusted foundry. It achieves these goals by introducing new inputs, called key…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-01-20 Deepak Sirone , Pramod Subramanyan

The outsourcing of semiconductor manufacturing raises security risks, such as piracy and overproduction of hardware intellectual property. To overcome this challenge, logic locking has emerged to lock a given circuit using additional key…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-01-30 Kevin Lopez , Amin Rezaei

Logic locking "hides" the functionality of a digital circuit to protect it from counterfeiting, piracy, and malicious design modifications. The original design is transformed into a "locked" design such that the circuit reveals its correct…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-01-26 Gourav Takhar , Ramesh Karri , Christian Pilato , Subhajit Roy

Globalization of IC manufacturing has led to increased security concerns, notably IP theft. Several logic locking techniques have been developed for protecting designs, but they typically display very large overhead, and are generally…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-05-22 Joseph Sweeney , Mohammed Zackriya , Samuel Pagliarini , Lawrence Pileggi

This is the first work augmenting hardware attacks mounted on obfuscated circuits by incorporating deep recurrent neural network (D-RNN). Logic encryption obfuscation has been used for thwarting counterfeiting, overproduction, and reverse…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2018-03-12 Fatemeh Tehranipoor , Nima Karimian , Mehran Mozaffari Kermani , Hamid Mahmoodi

Logic locking protects an IC from threats such as piracy of design IP and unauthorized overproduction throughout the IC supply chain. Out of the several techniques proposed by the research community, provably-secure logic locking (PSLL) has…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-09-07 Satwik Patnaik , Nimisha Limaye , Ozgur Sinanoglu

The need for reducing manufacturing defect escape in today's safety-critical applications requires increased fault coverage. However, generating a test set using commercial automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) tools that lead to…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-02-10 Yadi Zhong , Ujjwal Guin

In this paper, we introduce SCRAMBLE, as a novel logic locking solution for sequential circuits while the access to the scan chain is restricted. The SCRAMBLE could be used to lock an FSM by hiding its state transition graph (STG) among a…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-05-26 Hadi Mardani Kamali , Kimia Zamiri Azar , Houman Homayoun , Avesta Sasan

This paper introduces KRATT, a removal and structural analysis attack against state-of-the-art logic locking techniques, such as single and double flip locking techniques (SFLTs and DFLTs). KRATT utilizes powerful quantified Boolean…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-11-13 Levent Aksoy , Muhammad Yasin , Samuel Pagliarini

Camouflaging gate techniques are typically used in hardware security to prevent reverse engineering. Layout level camouflaging by adding dummy contacts ensures some level of protection against extracting the correct netlist. Threshold…