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The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has been one of the leading research fields of wireless networks, particularly in recent year. Sensors are randomly positioned in the region, every node senses the surroundings and sends the data collected…

Wireless sensor network consists of large number of tiny sensor nodes which are usually deployed in a harsh environment. Self configuration and infrastructure less are the two fundamental properties of sensor networks. Sensor nodes are…

The objective of this paper is to increase life time of homogeneous wireless sensor networks (WSNs) through minimizing long range communication and energy balancing. Sensor nodes are resource constrained particularly with limited energy…

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is made up of a large number of nodes that are spread randomly or on a regular basis to detect the surrounding environment and transfer data to a base station (BS) over the Internet to the user. It is widely…

Energy efficiency is a crucial performance metric in sensor networks, directly determining the network lifetime. Consequently, a key factor in WSN is to improve overall energy efficiency to extend the network lifetime. Although many…

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) groups specialized transducers that provide sensing services to Internet of Things (IoT) devices with limited energy and storage resources. Since replacement or recharging of batteries in sensor nodes is…

Energy utilization is a key attribute for energy constrained wireless sensor networks (WSN) that directly impacts the life time of the network. LEACH (and its variants) are considered to be the most common energy efficient routing protocols…

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) play a pivotal role in enabling Internet of Things (IoT) devices with sensing and actuation capabilities. Operating in remote and resource-constrained environments, these IoT devices face challenges related…

Wireless Sensors Networks (WSNs) have a big application in heterogeneous networks. In this paper, we propose and evaluate Advanced Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (Ad-LEACH) which is static clustering based heterogeneous routing…

An energy efficient routing protocol is the major attentiveness for researcher in field of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In this paper, we present some energy efficient hierarchal routing protocols, prosper from conventional Low Energy…

In Wireless Sensor Network, sensor nodes life time is the most critical parameter. Many researches on these lifetime extension are motivated by LEACH scheme, which by allowing rotation of cluster head role among the sensor nodes tries to…

The adaptive probability $P_{\text{\tiny{adp}}}$ formalized in Adapt-$P$ is developed based on the remaining number of SNs $\zeta$ and optimal clustering $\kappa_{\text{\tiny{max}}}$, yet $P_{\text{\tiny{adp}}}$ does not implement the…

Wireless sensor nodes along with Base Station (BS) constitute a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Nodes comprise of tiny power battery. Nodes sense the data and send it to BS. WSNs need protocol for efficient energy consumption of the network.…

Clustering in wireless sensor networks is one of the crucial methods for increasing of network lifetime. There are many algorithms for clustering. One of the important cluster based algorithm in wireless sensor networks is LEACH algorithm.…

The wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a power constrained system, since nodes run on limited power batteries which shorten its lifespan.The main challenge facing us in the design and conception of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is to find…

One of the most important issues in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is severe energy restrictions. As the performance of Sensor Networks is strongly dependence to the network lifetime, researchers seek a way to use node energy supply…

Energy efficient resource management is critical for prolonging the lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSN). Clustering of sensor nodes with the aim of distributing the traffic loads in the network is a proven approach for balanced…

The applications require coverage of the whole monitored area for long periods of time. Clustering is a way to reduce communications, minimize energy consumption and organize messages among the cluster head and their members. The message…

In this paper, we compare problems of cluster formation and cluster-head selection between different protocols for data aggregation and transmission. We focus on two aspects of the problem: (i) how to guess number of clusters required to…

Wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of a group of dedicated sensors nodes which are distributed over a certain area for observing and recording the physical conditions (like temperature, sound, pressure) of the environment and organizing…