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Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) have become a cornerstone in generative modeling and representation learning within machine learning. This paper explores a nuanced aspect of VAEs, focusing on interpreting the Kullback-Leibler (KL)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-25 Mariano Rivera

We propose VL Norm (Variance-reduced Length-dependent Normalization), a simple yet effective loss aggregation method tailored to the characteristic of dynamic generation lengths in Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR).…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-14 Zhiyuan He , Xufang Luo , Yike Zhang , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a powerful method for controlling dynamic systems, but its learning mechanism can lead to unpredictable actions that undermine the safety of critical systems. Here, we propose RL with Adaptive Regularization…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-01 Haozhe Tian , Homayoun Hamedmoghadam , Robert Shorten , Pietro Ferraro

The reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs) can be substantially improved by training them with reinforcement learning (RL). The RL objective for LLM training involves a regularization term, which is the reverse…

Post-click conversion rate (CVR) prediction is an essential task for discovering user interests and increasing platform revenues in a range of industrial applications. One of the most challenging problems of this task is the existence of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-11-15 Quanyu Dai , Haoxuan Li , Peng Wu , Zhenhua Dong , Xiao-Hua Zhou , Rui Zhang , Rui zhang , Jie Sun

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) is a promising approach for training language models (LMs) on reasoning tasks that elicit emergent long chains of thought (CoTs). Unlike supervised learning, it updates the model using…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-28 Xinyu Zhu , Mengzhou Xia , Zhepei Wei , Wei-Lin Chen , Danqi Chen , Yu Meng

This paper introduces novel Bellman mappings (B-Maps) for value iteration (VI) in distributed reinforcement learning (DRL), where agents are deployed over an undirected, connected graph/network with arbitrary topology -- but without a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-09 Yuki Akiyama , Konstantinos Slavakis

This paper studies safe Reinforcement Learning (safe RL) with linear function approximation and under hard instantaneous constraints where unsafe actions must be avoided at each step. Existing studies have considered safe RL with hard…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-25 Honghao Wei , Xin Liu , Lei Ying

Gradient regularization (GR) is a method that penalizes the gradient norm of the training loss during training. While some studies have reported that GR can improve generalization performance, little attention has been paid to it from the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-02-06 Ryo Karakida , Tomoumi Takase , Tomohiro Hayase , Kazuki Osawa

Conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) is a prominent risk measure in financial engineering, energy systems, and supply chain management. In these domains, Markov decision processes (MDPs) with a long-run CVaR criterion effectively mitigate cost…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2026-03-11 Qixin Wang , Hao Cao , Jian-Qiang Hu , Mingjie Hu , Li Xia

Reverse Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence-based regularization with respect to a fixed reference policy is widely used in modern reinforcement learning to preserve the desired traits of the reference policy and sometimes to promote…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-05 Anupam Nayak , Tong Yang , Osman Yagan , Gauri Joshi , Yuejie Chi

While reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) is effective to improve the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs), its reliance on human-annotated labels leads to the scaling up dilemma, especially for complex tasks.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Zizhuo Zhang , Jianing Zhu , Xinmu Ge , Zihua Zhao , Zhanke Zhou , Xuan Li , Xiao Feng , Jiangchao Yao , Bo Han

We consider model-based reinforcement learning in finite Markov De- cision Processes (MDPs), focussing on so-called optimistic strategies. In MDPs, optimism can be implemented by carrying out extended value it- erations under a constraint…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2011-09-22 Sarah Filippi , Olivier Cappé , Aurélien Garivier

Recently, reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has been widely used for enhancing the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). A core challenge in RLVR involves managing the exchange between entropy and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-05 Jia Deng , Jie Chen , Zhipeng Chen , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Reinforcement learning (RL) has seen significant research and application results but often requires large amounts of training data. This paper proposes two data-efficient off-policy RL methods that use parametrized Q-learning. In these…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-04-09 J. S. van Hulst , W. P. M. H. Heemels , D. J. Antunes

Regularization is a core component of recent Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms. Mirror Descent Value Iteration (MDVI) uses both Kullback-Leibler divergence and entropy as regularizers in its value and policy updates. Despite its…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-09 Ryo Iwaki

Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF) has been the dominant approach for improving the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). Recently, Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has simplified this…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-10 Yining Wang , Jinman Zhao , Chuangxin Zhao , Shuhao Guan , Gerald Penn , Shinan Liu

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) replaces costly human labeling with automated verifiers. To reduce verifier hacking, many RLVR systems binarize rewards to $\{0,1\}$, but imperfect verifiers inevitably introduce…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-25 Xin-Qiang Cai , Wei Wang , Feng Liu , Tongliang Liu , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

Leveraging the priors of 2D diffusion models for 3D editing has emerged as a promising paradigm. However, maintaining multi-view consistency in edited results remains challenging, and the extreme scarcity of 3D-consistent editing paired…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-04 Jiyuan Wang , Chunyu Lin , Lei Sun , Zhi Cao , Yuyang Yin , Lang Nie , Zhenlong Yuan , Xiangxiang Chu , Yunchao Wei , Kang Liao , Guosheng Lin

Parametric approaches to Learning, such as deep learning (DL), are highly popular in nonlinear regression, in spite of their extremely difficult training with their increasing complexity (e.g. number of layers in DL). In this paper, we…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-03-23 Ashkan Panahi , Hamid Krim , Liyi Dai