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Recent works have shown that most deep learning models are often poorly calibrated, i.e., they may produce overconfident predictions that are wrong. It is therefore desirable to have models that produce predictive uncertainty estimates that…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-03-02 Saiteja Utpala , Piyush Rai

The Value Iteration (VI) algorithm is an iterative procedure to compute the value function of a Markov decision process, and is the basis of many reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms as well. As the error convergence rate of VI as a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-12 Jongmin Lee , Amin Rakhsha , Ernest K. Ryu , Amir-massoud Farahmand

Reinforcement learning (RL) with continuous time and state/action spaces is often data-intensive and brittle under nuisance variability and shift, motivating methods that exploit value-preserving structures to stabilize and improve…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Zuyuan Zhang , Fei Xu Yu , Tian Lan

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) was introduced and used recently for promoting reasoning in LLMs under verifiable (binary) rewards. We show that the mean + variance calibration of these rewards induces a weighted contrastive loss…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-22 Youssef Mroueh

Deep Q Network (DQN) firstly kicked the door of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) via combining deep learning (DL) with reinforcement learning (RL), which has noticed that the distribution of the acquired data would change during the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-01-11 Jiajun Fan , Changnan Xiao , Yue Huang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a pivotal mechanism for enhancing the complex reasoning capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, prevailing paradigms typically rely on solitary rollout strategies where…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-05 Lingzhuang Sun , Ruitong Liu , Yuxia Zhu , Xiaohan Xu , Jingxuan Wei , Xiangxiang Zhang , Bihui Yu , Wentao Zhang

We propose a policy improvement algorithm for Reinforcement Learning (RL) which is called Rerouted Behavior Improvement (RBI). RBI is designed to take into account the evaluation errors of the Q-function. Such errors are common in RL when…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-07-12 Elad Sarafian , Aviv Tamar , Sarit Kraus

Gradient temporal-difference (GTD) learning algorithms are widely used for off-policy policy evaluation with function approximation. However, existing convergence analyses rely on the restrictive assumption that the so-called feature…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Hyunjun Na , Donghwan Lee

This paper investigates a general regularization framework for unsupervised domain adaptation in vector-valued regression under the covariate shift assumption, utilizing vector-valued reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (vRKHS). Covariate…

Real time calculation of inverse kinematics (IK) with dynamically stable configuration is of high necessity in humanoid robots as they are highly susceptible to lose balance. This paper proposes a methodology to generate joint-space…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2018-02-01 S Phaniteja , Parijat Dewangan , Pooja Guhan , Abhishek Sarkar , K Madhava Krishna

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has proven effective for enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs) on complex reasoning tasks. However, existing methods suffer from an exploration dilemma: the sharply peaked initial…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Yuhua Jiang , Jiawei Huang , Yufeng Yuan , Xin Mao , Yu Yue , Qianchuan Zhao , Lin Yan

Many recent efforts have been devoted to designing sophisticated deep learning structures, obtaining revolutionary results on benchmark datasets. The success of these deep learning methods mostly relies on an enormous volume of labeled…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2015-10-20 Jiaji Huang , Qiang Qiu , Robert Calderbank , Guillermo Sapiro

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become a highly effective method for improving the reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). Recent research shows that Negative Sample Reinforcement (NSR) -- which…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Yash Ingle , Jaival Chauhan , Ankit Yadav , Sudhakar Mishra

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a dominant paradigm for enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs) reasoning, yet its reliance on external verifiers limits its scalability. Recent findings suggest that RLVR…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-25 Xin-Qiang Cai , Masashi Sugiyama

Recent advances in rule-based reinforcement learning (RL) have significantly improved the reasoning capability of language models (LMs) with rule-based rewards. However, existing RL methods -- such as GRPO, REINFORCE++, and RLOO -- often…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Zongkai Liu , Fanqing Meng , Lingxiao Du , Zhixiang Zhou , Chao Yu , Wenqi Shao , Qiaosheng Zhang

Value function approximation is important in modern reinforcement learning (RL) problems especially when the state space is (infinitely) large. Despite the importance and wide applicability of value function approximation, its theoretical…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-02-24 Hanlin Zhu , Ruosong Wang , Jason D. Lee

In this work, we study model-based reinforcement learning (RL) in unknown stabilizable linear dynamical systems. When learning a dynamical system, one needs to stabilize the unknown dynamics in order to avoid system blow-ups. We propose an…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-06-06 Sahin Lale , Kamyar Azizzadenesheli , Babak Hassibi , Anima Anandkumar

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has been a main driver of recent breakthroughs in large reasoning models. Yet it remains a mystery how rewards based solely on final outcomes can help overcome the long-horizon barrier…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-07 Yu Huang , Zixin Wen , Yuejie Chi , Yuting Wei , Aarti Singh , Yingbin Liang , Yuxin Chen

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has advanced alignment capabilities significantly but remains hindered by two core challenges: \textbf{reward hacking} and \textbf{stable optimization}. Current solutions independently…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-13 Li He , Qiang Qu , He Zhao , Stephen Wan , Dadong Wang , Lina Yao , Tongliang Liu

Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has substantially enhanced the reasoning capabilities of large language models in abstract reasoning tasks. However, its application to Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) remains…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-31 Yuhang Han , Yuyang Wu , Zhengbo Jiao , Yiyu Wang , Xuyang Liu , Shaobo Wang , Hanlin Xu , Xuming Hu , Linfeng Zhang