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Vortex states in high-$T_{\rm c}$ superconductors with point defects are studied by large-scale Monte Carlo simulations of the three-dimensional frustrated XY model. A critical point is observed on the first-order phase boundary between the…

It is well known that some liquids can demonstrate anomalous behavior. Interestingly, this be- havior can be qualitatively reproduced with simple core-softened isotropic pair-potential systems. Although anomalous properties of liquids…

Can liquid-like and gas-like states be distinguished beyond the critical point, where the liquid-gas phase transition no longer exists and conventionally only a single supercritical fluid phase is defined? Recent experiments and simulations…

Universality aids consistent understanding of physical properties. This includes understanding the states of matter where a theory predicts how a property of a phase (solid, liquid, gas) changes with temperature or pressure. Here, we show…

Dynamical crossover in water is studied by means of computer simulation. The crossover temperature is calculated from the behavior of velocity autocorrelation functions. The results are compared with experimental data. It is shown that the…

The state of matter above the critical point is terra incognita, and is loosely discussed as a physically homogeneous flowing state where no differences can be made between a liquid and a gas and where properties undergo no marked or…

We discuss the occurrence of crossing points in the magnetization - temperature $(m,T$) plane within the framework of critical phenomena. It is shown that in a two-dimensional superconducting slab of thickness $d_{s}$ $m_{z}(\delta)$ versus…

An electronically coarse-grained model for water reveals a persistent vestige of the liquid-gas transition deep into the supercritical region. A crossover in the density dependence of the molecular dipole arises from the onset of…

Many physical systems, including classical fluids, present in their phase diagram the competition between two phases that are separated by a line of first-order phase transitions which terminates at a so-called critical point. Despite…

Scaling relations are used to study cross-overs, due to anisotropic spin interactions or single ion anisotropy, and due to disorder, in the thermodynamics and correlation functions near quantum-critical transitions. The principal results…

The existence of a 'crossover region' in glass-forming liquids has long been considered as a general phenomenon that is as important as the glass transition. One potential origin for the crossover behavior is a liquid-to-liquid phase…

Supercritical fluids play a significant role in elucidating fundamental aspects of liquid matter under extreme conditions. They have been extensively studied at pressures and temperatures relevant to various industrial applications.…

A microscopic analysis of the superconducting quantum critical point realized via a pair-breaking quantum phase transition is presented. Finite temperature crossovers are derived for the electrical conductivity, which is a key probe of…

Tricritical points separate continuous and discontinuous symmetry breaking transitions. They occur in a variety of physical systems and their mathematical models. A tricritical point is used to determine a liquid-solid phase transition line…

Using discrete molecular dynamics simulations we study the relation between the thermodynamic and diffusive behaviors of a primitive model of aqueous solutions of hydrophobic solutes consisting of hard spheres in the Jagla particles…

When liquids are classified using Tg -scaled Arrhenius plots of relaxation times (or relative rates of entropy increase above Tg) across a "strong-fragile" spectrum of behaviors, the "strong" liquids have always appeared rather…

One-dimensional non-equilibrium models of particles subjected to a coagulation-diffusion process are important in understanding non-equilibrium dynamics, and fluctuation-dissipation relation. We consider in this paper transport properties…

In supercooled liquids, at a temperature between the glass transition temperature Tg and the melting point Tm, thermodynamic properties remain continuous, while dynamic behavior exhibits anomalies. The origin of such thermodynamics-dynamic…

The supercritical state is currently viewed as uniform on the pressure-temperature phase diagram. Supercritical fluids have the dynamic motions of a gas but are able to dissolve materials like a liquid. They have started to be deployed in…

While classical theory of phase transitions deals with systems where shape variation is energetically neutral, the account of rigidity can lead to the emergence of new thermodynamic features. One of them is a special type of critical points…