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Deep neural networks, particularly those employing Rectified Linear Units (ReLU), are often perceived as complex, high-dimensional, non-linear systems. This complexity poses a significant challenge to understanding their internal learning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-11 Longqing Ye

The activation functions are fundamental to neural networks as they introduce non-linearity into data relationships, thereby enabling deep networks to approximate complex data relations. Existing efforts to enhance neural network…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-09-26 Jiayu Li , Zilong Zhao , Kevin Yee , Uzair Javaid , Biplab Sikdar

In a neural network with ReLU activations, the number of piecewise linear regions in the output can grow exponentially with depth. However, this is highly unlikely to happen when the initial parameters are sampled randomly, which therefore…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-17 Max Milkert , David Hyde , Forrest Laine

Approximation capabilities of shallow neural networks (SNNs) form an integral part in understanding the properties of deep neural networks (DNNs). In the study of these approximation capabilities some very popular classes of target…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-15 Ahmed Abdeljawad , Thomas Dittrich

This paper is devoted to studying the optimal expressive power of ReLU deep neural networks (DNNs) and its application in approximation via the Kolmogorov Superposition Theorem. We first constructively prove that any continuous piecewise…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-08-11 Juncai He

Lipschitz-constrained neural networks have many applications in machine learning. Since designing and training expressive Lipschitz-constrained networks is very challenging, there is a need for improved methods and a better theoretical…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-04-14 Sebastian Neumayer , Alexis Goujon , Pakshal Bohra , Michael Unser

The choice of activation functions is crucial for modern deep neural networks. Popular hand-designed activation functions like Rectified Linear Unit(ReLU) and its variants show promising performance in various tasks and models. Swish, the…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-04-09 Yucong Zhou , Zezhou Zhu , Zhao Zhong

Fully connected deep neural networks are successfully applied to classification and function approximation problems. By minimizing the cost function, i.e., finding the proper weights and biases, models can be built for accurate predictions.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-25 Qingguang Guan

A new representation is proposed for functions in a Sobolev space with dominating mixed smoothness on an $N$-dimensional hyperrectangle. In particular, it is shown that these functions can be expressed in terms of their highest-order mixed…

数值分析 · 数学 2024-04-30 Declan S. Jagt , Matthew M. Peet

We discuss the expressive power of neural networks which use the non-smooth ReLU activation function $\varrho(x) = \max\{0,x\}$ by analyzing the approximation theoretic properties of such networks. The existing results mainly fall into two…

泛函分析 · 数学 2019-04-10 Felix Voigtlaender , Philipp Petersen

In 2017, Hanin and Sellke showed that the class of arbitrarily deep, real-valued, feed-forward and ReLU-activated networks of width w forms a dense subset of the space of continuous functions on R^n, with respect to the topology of uniform…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-09 Joris Dommel , Sven A. Wegner

In this paper we introduce new bounds on the approximation of functions in deep networks and in doing so introduce some new deep network architectures for function approximation. These results give some theoretical insight into the success…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-03-09 Brendan McCane , Lech Szymanski

We present approximation results and numerical experiments for the use of randomized neural networks within physics-informed extreme learning machines to efficiently solve high-dimensional PDEs, demonstrating both high accuracy and low…

数值分析 · 数学 2025-01-22 T. De Ryck , S. Mishra , Y. Shang , F. Wang

Deep networks are gradually penetrating almost every domain in our lives due to their amazing success. However, with substantive performance accuracy improvements comes the price of \emph{irreproducibility}. Two identical models, trained on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-12-02 Gil I. Shamir , Dong Lin , Lorenzo Coviello

We explore convergence of deep neural networks with the popular ReLU activation function, as the depth of the networks tends to infinity. To this end, we introduce the notion of activation domains and activation matrices of a ReLU network.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-01-11 Yuesheng Xu , Haizhang Zhang

We study the complexity of functions computable by deep feedforward neural networks with piecewise linear activations in terms of the symmetries and the number of linear regions that they have. Deep networks are able to sequentially map…

机器学习 · 统计学 2014-06-10 Guido Montúfar , Razvan Pascanu , Kyunghyun Cho , Yoshua Bengio

Neural Networks (NNs) are the method of choice for building learning algorithms. Their popularity stems from their empirical success on several challenging learning problems. However, most scholars agree that a convincing theoretical…

数值分析 · 数学 2021-01-01 Ronald DeVore , Boris Hanin , Guergana Petrova

Universal approximation theory offers a foundational framework to verify neural network expressiveness, enabling principled utilization in real-world applications. However, most existing theoretical constructions are established by…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 ZeYu Li , ShiJun Zhang , TieYong Zeng , FengLei Fan

There has been a recent shift in sequence-to-sequence modeling from recurrent network architectures to convolutional network architectures due to computational advantages in training and operation while still achieving competitive…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-10-29 Joshua Hanson , Maxim Raginsky

An approach to construct explicit integral representations for two-layer ReLU networks is presented, which provides relatively simple representations for any multivariate polynomial. Quantitative bounds are provided for a particular,…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-05-13 Anthony Lee