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The kinetic energy of bulk relativistic plasma ejected from the central engine of blazars is converted into nonthermal particle energy in the comoving frame through a process of sweeping up material from the surrounding medium. The…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-10-31 Charles D. Dermer

The emphasis of observational and theoretical flare studies in the last decade or two has been on the flare corona, and attention has shifted substantially away from the flare's chromospheric aspects. However, although the pre-flare energy…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2010-01-06 Lyndsay Fletcher

Solar flares effectively accelerate particles to non-thermal energies. These accelerated electrons are responsible for energy transport and subsequent emissions in HXR, radio, and UV/EUV radiation. Due to the steeply decreasing electron…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2026-01-01 Yingjie Luo , Eduard P. Kontar , Debesh Bhattacharjee

Magnetic reconnection has long been known to be the most important mechanism as quick conversion of magnetic field energy into plasma kinetic energy. In addition, energy dissipation by reconnection has gained attention not only as a plasma…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2023-04-12 Masahiro Hoshino

Acceleration and transport of high-energy particles and fluid dynamics of atmospheric plasma are interrelated aspects of solar flares. We present here self-consistently combined Fokker-Planck modeling of particles and hydrodynamic…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2009-09-28 Wei Liu , Vahe Petrosian , John T. Mariska

Based on a sample of 1114 flares observed simultaneously in hard X-rays (HXR) by the BATSE instrument and in soft X-rays (SXR) by GOES, we studied several aspects of the Neupert effect and its interpretation in the frame of the…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-07 A. Veronig , B. Vrsnak , B. R. Dennis , M. Temmer , A. Hanslmeier , J. Magdalenic

Solar flares are driven by the release of magnetic energy from reconnection events in the solar corona, whereafter energy is transported to the chromosphere, heating the plasma and causing the characteristic radiative losses. In the…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2017-02-07 Jeffrey W. Reep , Harry P. Warren , James E. Leake , Lucas A. Tarr , Alexander J. B. Russell , Graham S. Kerr , Hugh S. Hudson

Despite its prediction over two decades ago, the detection of faint, high-temperature ("hot") emission due to nanoflare heating in non-flaring active region cores has proved challenging. Using an efficient two-fluid hydrodynamic model, this…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2016-12-28 W. T. Barnes , P. J. Cargill , S. J. Bradshaw

Most theoretical investigations of particle acceleration during solar flares cannot be applied to observations for detailed study of the time evolution. We propose a phenomenological model for turbulence evolution and stochastic particle…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2009-08-10 Siming Liu , Lyndsay Fletcher

Solar flare accelerated electrons escaping into the interplanetary space and seen as type III solar radio bursts are often detected near the Earth. Using numerical simulations we consider the evolution of energetic electron spectrum in the…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2012-09-25 Hamish A. S. Reid , Eduard P. Kontar

The acceleration and transport of energetic electrons during solar flares is one of the outstanding topics in solar physics. Recent X-ray and radio imaging and spectroscopy observations have provided diagnostics of the distribution of…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-12-21 Xiangliang Kong , Bin Chen , Fan Guo , Chengcai Shen , Xiaocan Li , Jing Ye , Lulu Zhao , Zelong Jiang , Sijie Yu , Yao Chen , Joe Giacalone

During solar flares plasma is typically heated to very high temperatures, and the resulting redistribution of energy via thermal conduction is a primary mechanism transporting energy throughout the flaring solar atmosphere. The thermal flux…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-06-01 Joel C. Allred , Graham S. Kerr , A. Gordon Emslie

Understanding the relationship among different emission components plays an essential role in the study of particle acceleration and energy conversion in solar flares. In flares where gradual and impulsive emission components can be readily…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-15 Siming Liu , Youping Li , Lyndsay Fletcher

Models of the continuum radiation from accreting hot plasmas typically assume that the plasma heating mechanism produces energetic particles distributed in energy either as a Maxwellian (the ``thermal'' models) or as an extended power law…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Paolo S. Coppi

During solar flares a large amount of electrons are accelerated within the plasma present in the solar atmosphere. Accurate measurements of the motion of these electrons start becoming available from the analysis of hard X-ray…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-02-17 Anna Codispoti , Nicola Pinamonti

Photoionization by high-energy photons creates nonthermal electrons with a broad range of energies that heat and chemically transform the atmospheres of planets. The specifics of the interactions are notably different when the gas is atomic…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-06-17 Antonio García Muñoz , Ewan Bataille

The charged particle stopping power in a highly ionized and weakly to moderately coupled plasma has been calculated to leading and next-to-leading order by Brown, Preston, and Singleton (BPS). After reviewing the main ideas behind this…

等离子体物理 · 物理学 2009-11-13 Robert L. Singleton , Lowell S. Brown

1) Background: the budget of non-thermal energy in galaxy clusters is not well constrained, owing to the observational and theoretical difficulties in studying these diluted plasmas on large scales. 2) Method: we use recent cosmological…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2016-11-04 Franco Vazza , Denis Wittor , Marcus Brüggen , Claudio Gheller

Solar flares are explosive releases of magnetic energy stored in the solar corona, driven by magnetic reconnection. These events accelerate electrons, generating hard X-ray emissions and often display Quasi Periodic Pulsations (QPPs) across…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-11-25 Luiz A. C. A. Schiavo , Natasha L. S. Jeffrey , Gert J. J. Botha , James A. McLaughlin

Solar flares are large-scale releases of energy in the solar atmosphere, which are characterised by rapid changes in the hydrodynamic properties of plasma from the photosphere to the corona. Solar physicists have typically attempted to…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2012-06-26 S. Adamakis , C. L. Raftery , R. W. Walsh , P. T. Gallagher