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In open question answering (QA), the answer to a question is produced by retrieving and then analyzing documents that might contain answers to the question. Most open QA systems have considered only retrieving information from unstructured…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-02-11 Wenhu Chen , Ming-Wei Chang , Eva Schlinger , William Wang , William W. Cohen

Automatic question answering is an important yet challenging task in E-commerce given the millions of questions posted by users about the product that they are interested in purchasing. Hence, there is a great demand for automatic answer…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-14 Anand A. Rajasekar , Nikesh Garera

Scaling Visual Question Answering (VQA) to the open-domain and multi-hop nature of web searches, requires fundamental advances in visual representation learning, knowledge aggregation, and language generation. In this work, we introduce…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-03-29 Yingshan Chang , Mridu Narang , Hisami Suzuki , Guihong Cao , Jianfeng Gao , Yonatan Bisk

The development of Automatic Question Generation (QG) models has the potential to significantly improve educational practices by reducing the teacher workload associated with creating educational content. This paper introduces a novel…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2025-01-10 Ziqing Li , Mutlu Cukurova , Sahan Bulathwela

Existing approaches for open-domain question answering (QA) are typically designed for questions that require either single-hop or multi-hop reasoning, which make strong assumptions of the complexity of questions to be answered. Also,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-05-25 Ping Nie , Yuyu Zhang , Arun Ramamurthy , Le Song

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) methods encounter difficulties when addressing complex questions like multi-hop queries. While iterative retrieval methods improve performance by gathering additional information, current approaches…

This study presents a question-based knowledge encoding approach that improves retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems without requiring fine-tuning or traditional chunking. We encode textual content using generated questions that span…

To explain the predicted answers and evaluate the reasoning abilities of models, several studies have utilized underlying reasoning (UR) tasks in multi-hop question answering (QA) datasets. However, it remains an open question as to how…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-02-14 Xanh Ho , Anh-Khoa Duong Nguyen , Saku Sugawara , Akiko Aizawa

Recent methods for visual question answering rely on large-scale annotated datasets. Manual annotation of questions and answers for videos, however, is tedious, expensive and prevents scalability. In this work, we propose to avoid manual…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-05-12 Antoine Yang , Antoine Miech , Josef Sivic , Ivan Laptev , Cordelia Schmid

Compositional reasoning tasks like multi-hop question answering, require making latent decisions to get the final answer, given a question. However, crowdsourced datasets often capture only a slice of the underlying task distribution, which…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-04-20 Dheeru Dua , Cicero Nogueira dos Santos , Patrick Ng , Ben Athiwaratkun , Bing Xiang , Matt Gardner , Sameer Singh

Generating multiple-choice questions (MCQs) with difficulty estimation remains challenging in automated MCQ-generation systems used in adaptive, AI-assisted education. This study proposes a novel methodology for generating MCQs with…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Mehmet Can Şakiroğlu , H. Altay Güvenir , Kamer Kaya

Question Generation (QG), the task of automatically generating questions from a source input, has seen significant progress in recent years. Difficulty-controllable QG (DCQG) enables control over the difficulty level of generated questions…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-10 Bernardo Leite , Henrique Lopes Cardoso

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in building question answering (QA) models that reason across multiple modalities, such as text and images. However, QA using images is often limited to just picking the answer from a…

Multi-Hop Question Answering (MHQA) tasks permeate real-world applications, posing challenges in orchestrating multi-step reasoning across diverse knowledge domains. While existing approaches have been improved with iterative retrieval,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-06 Rong Cheng , Jinyi Liu , Yan Zheng , Fei Ni , Jiazhen Du , Hangyu Mao , Fuzheng Zhang , Bo Wang , Jianye Hao

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has demonstrated significant effectiveness in enhancing large language models (LLMs) for complex multi-hop question answering (QA). For multi-hop QA tasks, current iterative approaches predominantly rely…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-19 Yuling Shi , Maolin Sun , Zijun Liu , Mo Yang , Yixiong Fang , Tianran Sun , Xiaodong Gu

Multi-hop question answering is a challenging task with distinct industrial relevance, and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) methods based on large language models (LLMs) have become a popular approach to tackle this task. Owing to the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-31 Zhouyu Jiang , Mengshu Sun , Lei Liang , Zhiqiang Zhang

With the rise of large-scale language models (LLMs), it is currently popular and effective to convert multimodal information into text descriptions for multimodal multi-hop question answering. However, we argue that the current methods of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-11 Qing Zhang , Haocheng Lv , Jie Liu , Zhiyun Chen , Jianyong Duan , Hao Wang , Li He , Mingying Xv

Multi-hop question answering faces substantial challenges due to data sparsity, which increases the likelihood of language models learning spurious patterns. To address this issue, prior research has focused on diversifying question…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Yangfan Wang , Jie Liu , Chen Tang , Lian Yan , Jingchi Jiang

The recent success of machine learning systems on various QA datasets could be interpreted as a significant improvement in models' language understanding abilities. However, using various perturbations, multiple recent works have shown that…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-11-24 Krunal Shah , Nitish Gupta , Dan Roth

Training conversational question-answering (QA) systems requires a substantial amount of in-domain data, which is often scarce in practice. A common solution to this challenge is to generate synthetic data. Traditional methods typically…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-22 Kun Qian , Maximillian Chen , Siyan Li , Arpit Sharma , Zhou Yu
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