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Neural networks with piecewise linear activation functions, such as rectified linear units (ReLU) or maxout, are among the most fundamental models in modern machine learning. We make a step towards proving lower bounds on the size of such…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-05-29 Christoph Hertrich , Georg Loho

This paper quantitatively characterizes the approximation power of deep feed-forward neural networks (FNNs) in terms of the number of neurons. It is shown by construction that ReLU FNNs with width $\mathcal{O}\big(\max\{d\lfloor…

数值分析 · 数学 2021-01-15 Zuowei Shen , Haizhao Yang , Shijun Zhang

In this paper, the robustness and accuracy of the deep neural network (DNN) was enhanced by introducing the $L_{2,\infty}$ normalization of the weight matrices of the DNN with Relu as the activation function. It is proved that the…

机器学习 · 统计学 2020-10-13 Lijia Yu , Xiao-Shan Gao

We develop a geometric approximation theory for deep feed-forward neural networks with ReLU activations. Given a $d$-dimensional hypersurface in $\mathbb{R}^{d+1}$ represented as the graph of a $C^2$-function $\phi$, we show that a deep…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-08 Jonatan Vallin , Karl Larsson , Mats G. Larson

Lipschitz-constrained neural networks have many applications in machine learning. Since designing and training expressive Lipschitz-constrained networks is very challenging, there is a need for improved methods and a better theoretical…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-04-14 Sebastian Neumayer , Alexis Goujon , Pakshal Bohra , Michael Unser

The foundations of deep learning are supported by the seemingly opposing perspectives of approximation or learning theory. The former advocates for large/expressive models that need not generalize, while the latter considers classes that…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-27 Ruiyang Hong , Anastasis Kratsios

Whereas recovery of the manifold from data is a well-studied topic, approximation rates for functions defined on manifolds are less known. In this work, we study a regression problem with inputs on a $d^*$-dimensional manifold that is…

机器学习 · 统计学 2019-08-05 Johannes Schmidt-Hieber

A prevalent assumption regarding real-world data is that it lies on or close to a low-dimensional manifold. When deploying a neural network on data manifolds, the required size, i.e., the number of neurons of the network, heavily depends on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-30 Jiachen Yao , Mayank Goswami , Chao Chen

This thesis studies high-dimensional, continuous-valued pairwise Markov Random Fields. We are particularly interested in approximating pairwise densities whose logarithm belongs to a Sobolev space. For this problem we propose the method of…

统计理论 · 数学 2015-06-12 Eric Janofsky

We study the expression rates of deep neural networks (DNNs for short) for option prices written on baskets of $d$ risky assets, whose log-returns are modelled by a multivariate L\'evy process with general correlation structure of jumps. We…

数值分析 · 数学 2021-07-06 Lukas Gonon , Christoph Schwab

We present a fully constructive analysis of deep ReLU neural networks for classification and function approximation tasks. First, we prove that any dataset with $N$ distinct points in $\mathbb{R}^d$ and $M$ output classes can be exactly…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-06-25 Martín Hernández , Enrique Zuazua

We demonstrate that a very deep ResNet with stacked modules with one neuron per hidden layer and ReLU activation functions can uniformly approximate any Lebesgue integrable function in $d$ dimensions, i.e. $\ell_1(\mathbb{R}^d)$. Because of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-07-05 Hongzhou Lin , Stefanie Jegelka

We study two models of ReLU neural networks: monotone networks (ReLU$^+$) and input convex neural networks (ICNN). Our focus is on expressivity, mostly in terms of depth, and we prove the following lower bounds. For the maximum function…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-12 Egor Bakaev , Florestan Brunck , Christoph Hertrich , Daniel Reichman , Amir Yehudayoff

We analyze approximation rates of deep ReLU neural networks for Sobolev-regular functions with respect to weaker Sobolev norms. First, we construct, based on a calculus of ReLU networks, artificial neural networks with ReLU activation…

泛函分析 · 数学 2019-02-22 Ingo Gühring , Gitta Kutyniok , Philipp Petersen

One fundamental problem in deep learning is understanding the outstanding performance of deep Neural Networks (NNs) in practice. One explanation for the superiority of NNs is that they can realize a large class of complicated functions,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-06-30 H. Xiong , L. Huang , M. Yu , L. Liu , F. Zhu , L. Shao

We study the approximation capacity of deep ReLU recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and explore the convergence properties of nonparametric least squares regression using RNNs. We derive upper bounds on the approximation error of RNNs for…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-10-07 Yuling Jiao , Yang Wang , Bokai Yan

Motivated by the resurgence of neural networks in being able to solve complex learning tasks we undertake a study of high depth networks using ReLU gates which implement the function $x \mapsto \max\{0,x\}$. We try to understand the role of…

计算复杂性 · 计算机科学 2017-11-10 Anirbit Mukherjee , Amitabh Basu

Activation functions influence behavior and performance of DNNs. Nonlinear activation functions, like Rectified Linear Units (ReLU), Exponential Linear Units (ELU) and Scaled Exponential Linear Units (SELU), outperform the linear…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2019-02-05 Alberto Marchisio , Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Semeen Rehman , Maurizio Martina , Muhammad Shafique

Existing works on the expressive power of neural networks typically assume real parameters and exact operations. In this work, we study the expressive power of quantized networks under discrete fixed-point parameters and inexact fixed-point…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Yeachan Park , Sejun Park , Geonho Hwang

We study the approximation of the median of $d$ inputs using ReLU neural networks. We present depth-width tradeoffs under several settings, culminating in a constant-depth, linear-width construction that achieves exponentially small…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Abhigyan Dutta , Itay Safran , Paul Valiant