相关论文: Microscopic dynamics of the evacuation phenomena
It has been shown that placing an obstacle in front of an exit door has proven to be a successful method to improve pedestrian evacuations. In this work, we will focus on the space limited by the exit and the obstacles (i.e. the vestibule…
The influence of cohesion among members of dyads is investigated in scenarios characterized by uni-directional flow by means of a discrete model: a corridor and the egress from a room with a bottleneck of varying width are simulated. The…
Staircases play an essential role in crowd dynamics, allowing pedestrians to flow across large multi-level public facilities such as transportation hubs, and office buildings. Achieving a robust understanding of pedestrian behavior in these…
The existence of bottlenecks often leads to the stagnation of pedestrian gatherings, which seriously affects the efficiency of traffic and reduces the flow of pedestrians. Some studies have shown that setting devices in front of bottlenecks…
We adapt the social force model of crowd dynamics to capture the evacuation during a zombie outbreak from an academic building. Individuals navigate the building, opening doors, and evacuate to the nearest exit. Zombies chase the uninfected…
In this chapter, we discuss the mathematical modeling of egressing pedestrians in an unknown environment with multiple exits. We investigate different control problems to enhance the evacuation time of a crowd of agents, by few informed…
One of the most disastrous forms of collective human behaviour is the kind of crowd stampede induced by panic, often leading to fatalities as people are crushed or trampled. Sometimes this behaviour is triggered in life-threatening…
Stochastic particle--based models are useful tools for describing the collective movement of large crowds of pedestrians in crowded confined environments. Using descriptions based on the simple exclusion process, two populations of…
We consider a crowd of N persons trying to exit some area trough a small exit. The probability is calculated that an individual is able to withdraw from the crowd under one's own steam. The problem is simulated within the generalized force…
This paper initiates the analysis of the relation between evacuation time and group size by applying an extended floor field cellular automaton model. Agents with various speeds, a group structure containing leaders and followers, and a…
Panic may spread over a crowd in a similar fashion as contagious diseases do in social groups. People no exposed to a panic source may express fear, alerting others of imminent danger. This social mechanism initiates an evacuation process,…
Designing efficient traffic lanes for pedestrians is a critical aspect of urban planning as walking remains the most common form of mobility among the increasingly diverse methods of transportation. Herein, we investigate pedestrian counter…
The transition between low and high density phases is a typical feature of systems with social interactions. This contribution focuses on simple evacuation design of one room with one entrance and one exit; four passing-through experiments…
It is shown in this work that the average individual egress time and other performance indicators for egress of people from a building can be improved under certain circumstances if counterflow occurs. The circumstances include widely…
This contribution proposes a method to make agents in a microscopic simulation of pedestrian traffic walk approximately along a path of estimated minimal remaining travel time to their destination. Usually models of pedestrian dynamics are…
The aging of population is a social phenomenon in the world. In this study, series of controlled experiments were performed to investigate the movement characteristics of elderly pedestrians passing through bottlenecks. Similar…
A modified lattice gas model is proposed to study pedestrian evacuation from a single room. The payoff matrix in this model represents the complicated interactions between selfish individuals, and the mean force imposed on an individual is…
A very successful model for simulating emergency evacuation is the social-force model. At the heart of the model is the self-driven force that is applied to an agent and is directed towards the exit. However, it is not clear if the…
In this paper, two important factors which affect the pedestrian outflow at a bottleneck significantly are studied in detail to analyze the effect of an obstacle set up in front of an exit. One is a conflict at an exit when pedestrians…
This paper works on one of the most recent pedestrian crowd evacuation models, i.e., "a simulation model for pedestrian crowd evacuation based on various AI techniques", developed in late 2019. This study adds a new feature to the developed…