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In recent years, blockchain has been widely applied in the Internet of Things (IoT). Blockchain oracle, as a bridge for data communication between blockchain and off-chain, has also received significant attention. However, the numerous and…

As distributed ledgers, blockchains run consensus protocols which trade capacity for consistency, especially in non-ideal networks with incomplete connectivity and erroneous links. Existing studies on the tradeoff between capacity and…

Some blockchain networks employ a distributed consensus algorithm featuring Byzantine fault tolerance. Notably, certain public chains, such as Cosmos and Tezos, which operate on a proof-of-stake mechanism, have adopted this algorithm. While…

Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies rely on distributed consensus algorithms. In recent years many consensus algorithms and protocols have been proposed; most of them are for permissioned blockchain networks. However, the…

Transactive energy systems (TES) are emerging as a transformative solution for the problems faced by distribution system operators due to an increase in the use of distributed energy resources and a rapid acceleration in renewable energy…

Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems consume a large amount of energy in residential houses and buildings. Effective energy management of HVAC is a cost-effective way to improve energy efficiency and reduce the energy…

This paper studies the optimal energy management in a group of dwellings having micro fuel cell combined heat and power systems. To increase the self-sufficiency and resilience of such local community, a peer-to-peer energy trading system…

With the sustained attention on carbon neutrality, the personal carbon trading (PCT) scheme has been embraced as an auspicious paradigm for scaling down carbon emissions. To facilitate the simultaneous clearance of energy and carbon…

While online interactions and exchanges have grown exponentially over the past decade, most commercial infrastructures still operate through centralized protocols, and their success essentially depends on trust between different economic…

Blockchain systems are designed, built and operated in the presence of failures. There are two dominant failure models, namely crash fault and Byzantine fault. Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) protocols offer stronger security guarantees,…

While blockchain offers inherent security, trust issues among stakeholders in vehicle-to-grid (V2G) applications remain unresolved due to a lack of regulatory frameworks and standardization. Additionally, a tailored decentralized…

In a practical Byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT) blockchain network, the voting nodes may always leave the network while some new nodes can also enter the network, thus the number of voting nodes is constantly changing. Such a new PBFT with…

Growing consumer awareness as well as manufacturers' internal quality requirements lead to novel demands on supply chain traceability. Existing centralized solutions suffer from isolated data storage and lacking trust when multiple parties…

We propose a new free eCommerce platform with blockchains that allows customers to connect to the seller directly, share personal data without losing control and ownership of it and apply it to the domain of shopping cart. Our new platform…

Tendermint-core blockchains (e.g. Cosmos) are considered today one of the most viable alternatives for the highly energy consuming proof-of-work blockchains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. Their particularity is that they aim at offering…

Climate change and global warming are the significant challenges of the new century. A viable solution to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions is via a globally incentivized market mechanism proposed in the Kyoto protocol. In this view, the…

There are a multitude of Blockchain-based physical infrastructure systems, operating on a crypto-currency enabled token economy, where infrastructure suppliers are rewarded with tokens for enabling, validating, managing and/or securing the…

In the 21st century, transitioning to renewable energy sources is imperative, with fossil fuel reserves depleting rapidly and recognizing critical environmental issues such as climate change, air pollution, water pollution, and habitat…

Vote-based blockchains construct a state machine replication (SMR) system among participating nodes, using Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) consensus protocols to transition from one state to another. Currently, they rely on either…

The Blockchain and the programs running on it, called Smart Contracts, are more and more applied in all fields requiring trust and strong certifications. In this work we compare public and permissioned blockchains for industrial…