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The use of language technologies in high-stake settings is increasing in recent years, mostly motivated by the success of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, despite the great performance of LLMs, they are are susceptible to ethical…

Fingerprints are the most widely deployed form of biometric identification. No two individuals share the same fingerprint because they have unique biometric identifiers. This paper presents an efficient fingerprint verification algorithm…

As machine learning algorithms have been widely deployed across applications, many concerns have been raised over the fairness of their predictions, especially in high stakes settings (such as facial recognition and medical imaging). To…

Biometric systems involve security assurance to make our system highly secured and robust. Nowadays, biometric technology has been fixed into new systems with the aim of enforcing strong privacy and security. Several innovative system have…

With a vast number of items, web-pages, and news to choose from, online services and the customers both benefit tremendously from personalized recommender systems. Such systems however provide great opportunities for targeted…

Recommender systems are essential for personalizing digital experiences on e-commerce sites, streaming services, and social media platforms. While these systems are necessary for modern digital interactions, they face fairness, bias,…

In 2019, the UK's Immigration and Asylum Chamber of the Upper Tribunal dismissed an asylum appeal basing the decision on the output of a biometric system, alongside other discrepancies. The fingerprints of the asylum seeker were found in a…

A significant limiting factor in training fair classifiers relates to the presence of dataset bias. In particular, face datasets are typically biased in terms of attributes such as gender, age, and race. If not mitigated, bias leads to…

Personal devices are omnipresent in our lives, seamlessly monitoring our activities, from smart rings tracking sleep patterns to smartwatches keeping an eye on missed heartbeats. The rich data streams from such devices fuel advanced…

Face recognition from image or video is a popular topic in biometrics research. Many public places usually have surveillance cameras for video capture and these cameras have their significant value for security purpose. It is widely…

The new regulatory framework proposal on Artificial Intelligence (AI) published by the European Commission establishes a new risk-based legal approach. The proposal highlights the need to develop adequate risk assessments for the different…

Face recognition is a biometric which is attracting significant research, commercial and government interest, as it provides a discreet, non-intrusive way of detecting, and recognizing individuals, without need for the subject's knowledge…

Affirmative algorithms have emerged as a potential answer to algorithmic discrimination, seeking to redress past harms and rectify the source of historical injustices. We present the results of two experiments ($N$$=$$1193$) capturing…

Finger vein biometrics is an approach to identifying individuals based on the unique patterns of blood vessels in their fingers, and the technology is advanced in image capture and processing techniques, which is leading to more efficient,…

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems have the potential to revolutionize clinical practices, including improving diagnostic accuracy and surgical decision-making, while also reducing costs and manpower. However, it is important to recognize…

While appearance-based gaze estimation has achieved significant improvements in accuracy and domain adaptation, the fairness of these systems across different demographic groups remains largely unexplored. To date, there is no comprehensive…

Face recognition and verification are two computer vision tasks whose performances have advanced with the introduction of deep representations. However, ethical, legal, and technical challenges due to the sensitive nature of face data and…

With the advent of deep learning models, face recognition systems have achieved impressive recognition rates. The workhorses behind this success are Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and the availability of large training datasets.…

Fingerprints are popular among the biometric based systems due to ease of acquisition, uniqueness and availability. Nowadays it is used in smart phone security, digital payment and digital locker. Fingerprint recognition technology has been…

Recently, the research community of computerized medical imaging has started to discuss and address potential fairness issues that may emerge when developing and deploying AI systems for medical image analysis. This chapter covers some of…