相关论文: Beyond Boltzmann: The Potential Energy Distributio…
The Boltzmann distribution (the most probable distribution) is one of the most important concepts used in physics, chemistry and biology. Suppose we put the system initially in one of the less probable state then the system will find the…
This paper investigates the combinatorics that gives rise to the Boltzmann probability distribution. Despite being one of the most important distributions in physics and other fields of science, the mathematics of the underlying model of…
The Boltzmann distribution describes a single parameter (temperature) family of probability distributions over a state space; at any given temperature, the ratio of probabilities of two states depends on their difference in energy. The same…
Using the principle of detailed balance and the assumption on the absorption cross-section consistent with available astrophysical data, we obtain the energy distribution of atoms in the field of thermal blackbody radiation and show that…
Using the principle of detailed balance and the assumption on the absorption cross-section consistent with available astrophysical data, we obtain the energy distribution of atoms in the field of thermal blackbody radiation and show that…
A fair knowledge of the atmospheric muon distributions at Earth is a prerequisite for the simulations of cosmic ray setups and rare event search detectors. A modified power law is proposed for atmospheric muon energy distribution which…
A relation between the effective diffusion coefficient in a lattice with random site energies and random trasition rates and the macroscopic conductivity in a random resistor network allows for elucidating possible sources of anomalous…
It is well known that, in the Boltzmann-Grad limit, the distribution of the free path length in the Lorentz gas with disordered scatterer configuration has an exponential density. If, on the other hand, the scatterers are located at the…
The Boltzmann distribution predicts the collective behavior of systems at thermodynamic equilibrium as a function of their constituent parts. Yet most systems in nature are not at equilibrium, and a unified theory of their behavior does not…
The Maxwell-Boltzmann (MB) distribution for velocities in ideal gases is usually defined between zero and infinity. A double truncated MB distribution is here introduced and the probability density function, the distribution function, the…
Humans will launch spacecraft that travel at an appreciable fraction of the speed of light. Spacecraft traffic will be tracked by radar. Scattering of pulsed electromagnetic fields by an object in uniform translational motion at…
The Lorentz gas, a point particle making mirror-like reflections from an extended collection of scatterers, has been a useful model of deterministic diffusion and related statistical properties for over a century. This survey summarises…
We estimate the power of relativistic, extragalactic jets by modelling the spectral energy distribution of a large number of blazars. We adopt a simple one-zone, homogeneous, leptonic synchrotron and inverse Compton model, taking into…
We investigate the nonextensive $q$-distribution function for a gas in the presence of an external field of force possessing a potential $U({\bf r})$. In the case of a dilute gas, we show that the power law distribution including the…
Despite its importance, in the introductory disciplines of exact science courses, the demonstration of the Maxwell-Boltzmann velocity distribution law is not explained, only its final equation is shown. In order to fill this deficiency, in…
A simple model which can explain the observed vertical distribution and size spectrum of atmospheric aerosol has been proposed. The model is based on a new physical hypothesis for the vertical mass exchange between the troposphere and the…
We are interested in electrons kinetics in a stellar atmosphere to validate or invalidate the usually accepted hypothesis of thermalisation of electrons. For this purpose, we calculate the velocity distribution function of electrons by…
A brief but broad survey is presented of the flows, forms and large-scale transformations of mass-energy in the universe, spanning a range of about twenty orders of magnitude (m_{Planck}/m_{proton}) in space, time and mass. Forms of energy…
In this paper, the expression of the relativistic Maxwell-J\"uttner velocity distribution was deduced in a detailed and didactic way. This distribution was compared with the well-known Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, which does not take…
In the air surrounding us, how does a particle diffuse? Thanks to Einstein and other pioneers,it has been well known that generally the particle will undergo the Brownian motion, and in the last century this insight has been corroborated by…