相关论文: On the thermodynamic derivation of Nernst relation
The derivation of Warburg's impedance presented in several books and scientific papers is reconsidered. It has been obtained by assuming that the total electric current across the sample is just due to the diffusion, and that the external…
In a liquid of superconducting vortices, a longitudinal thermal gradient generates a transverse electric field. This Nernst signal peaks at an intermediate temperature and magnetic field, presumably where the entropy difference between the…
A new thermodynamic limit for the open circuit voltage of solar cells that includes thermalization is obtained in terms of photon entropy. A simple graphical construction makes it possible to link this limit to the existing limits for…
The self-organized electric cell voltage of the physical circuit is calculated at etching and deposition of metals at the surface of a magnetized ferromagnetic electrode in an electrolyte without passing an external electrical current. This…
A liquid of superconducting vortices generates a transverse thermoelectric response. This Nernst signal has a tail deep in the normal state due to superconducting fluctuations. Here, we present a study of the Nernst effect in…
The dc response of an electrochemical thin film, such as the separator in a micro-battery, is analyzed by solving the Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations, subject to boundary conditions appropriate for an electrolytic/galvanic cell. The model…
Producing useful electrical work in consuming chemical energy, the fuel cell have to reject heat to its surrounding. However, as it occurs for any other type of engine, this thermal energy cannot be exchanged in an isothermal way in finite…
Alkaline electrolyte solutions are important components in rechargeable batteries and alkaline fuel cells. As the ionic conductivity is thought to be a limiting factor in the performance of these devices, which are often operated at…
One general consequence of the Nernst theorem is derived, i.e., the various heat capacities of a thermodynamic system under different constraints approach zero as the temperature approaches absolute zero. The temperature dependence of the…
Large-scale energy storage has become an inevitable solution for integrating stochastically available renewable energy sources into the electric grid. Vanadium redox flow batteries offer a viable option among other technologies, due to…
We consider Gibbs' definition of chemical equilibrium and connect it with dynamic equilibrium, in terms of no substance formed. We determine the activity coefficient as a function of temperature and pressure, in reactions with or without…
The case of a non-biased (light excited) p-n photo-voltaic (PV) cell working in a closed circuit with a resistive load is investigated by means of irreversible thermodynamics in the linear range. To our knowledge, this is the first time…
We reformulate and extend porous electrode theory for non-ideal active materials, including those capable of phase transformations. Using principles of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, we relate the cell voltage, ionic fluxes, and Faradaic…
The third law of thermodynamics has been verified experimentally, but how to perfectly express such a law in theory has become a cross-century problematic issue. It is found from the recent researches that by introducing an innovative…
In this article the Butler-Volmer equation used in describing Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries is discussed. First, a complete mathematical model based on a macro-homogeneous approach developed by Neuman is presented. Two common mistakes…
A particular type of surface chemical reaction resulted in direct charge ejection. Several different experimental observations strongly support the hypothesis that nearly all of the molecular kinetic energy of a highly excited vibrating…
According to the Nernst theorem or, equivalently, the third law of thermodynamics, the absolute zero temperature is not attainable. Starting with an initial positive temperature, we show that there exist solutions to a Kelvin-Voigt model…
We investigate the temperature region in which a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) description of the charge sector of the one-dimensional Hubbard model is valid. By using the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz method, electron number is calculated…
The effect of the thickness of ion exchange membranes has been investigated for electrodialysis (ED) and reverse electrodialysis (RED), both experimentally and through theoretical modeling. By developing a two-dimensional model based on…
The Nernst effect is the transverse electric field produced by a longitudinal thermal gradient in presence of magnetic field. In the beginning of this century, Nernst experiments on cuprates were analyzed assuming that: i) The contribution…