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A proper vertex coloring of a connected graph $G$ is called an odd coloring if, for every vertex $v$ in $G$, there exists a color that appears odd number of times in the open neighborhood of $v$. The minimum number of colors required to…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2025-03-10 Sriram Bhyravarapu , Swati Kumari , I. Vinod Reddy

A mixed graph contains (undirected) edges as well as (directed) arcs, thus generalizing undirected and directed graphs. A proper coloring $c$ of a mixed graph $G$ assigns a positive integer to each vertex such that $c(u)\neq c(v)$ for every…

计算复杂性 · 计算机科学 2026-05-01 Antonio Lauerbach , Konstanty Junosza-Szaniawski , Marie Diana Sieper , Alexander Wolff

A $b$-coloring of a graph is a proper vertex coloring such that each color class contains a vertex that sees all other colors in its neighborhood. The $b$-coloring problem, in which the task is to decide whether a graph admits a…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2025-12-17 Jakub Balabán

For a fixed integer $q$, the $q$-Coloring problem asks to decide if a given graph has a vertex coloring with $q$ colors such that no two adjacent vertices receive the same color. In a series of papers, it has been shown that for every $q…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2025-04-17 Ishay Haviv , Dror Rabinovich

Motivated by the landmark resolution of the 1-2-3 Conjecture, we initiate the study of the parameterized complexity of the Vertex-Coloring {0,1}-Edge-Weighting problem and its generalization, Vertex-Coloring Pre-edge-Weighting, under…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2026-04-15 Shubhada Aute , Fahad Panolan , Geevarghese Philip

If $L$ is a list assignment of $r$ colors to each vertex of an $n$-vertex graph $G$, then an equitable $L$-coloring of $G$ is a proper coloring of vertices of $G$ from their lists such that no color is used more than $\lceil n/r\rceil$…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-09-08 H. A. Kierstead , Alexandr Kostochka , Zimu Xiang

We study the weighted improper coloring problem, a generalization of defective coloring. We present some hardness results and in particular we show that weighted improper coloring is not fixed-parameter tractable when parameterized by…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2015-09-02 Bjarki Ágúst Guðmundsson , Tómas Ken Magnússon , Björn Orri Sæmundsson

A Star Coloring of a graph G is a proper vertex coloring such that every path on four vertices uses at least three distinct colors. The minimum number of colors required for such a star coloring of G is called star chromatic number, denoted…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2022-11-23 Sriram Bhyravarapu , I. Vinod Reddy

An equitable tree-$k$-coloring of a graph is a vertex $k$-coloring such that each color class induces a forest and the size of any two color classes differ by at most one. In this work, we show that every interval graph $G$ has an equitable…

组合数学 · 数学 2020-03-10 Bei Niu , Bi Li , Xin Zhang

Golovach, Paulusma and Song (Inf. Comput. 2014) asked to determine the parameterized complexity of the following problems parameterized by $k$: (1) Given a graph $G$, a clique modulator $D$ (a clique modulator is a set of vertices, whose…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2019-07-30 Gregory Gutin , Diptapriyo Majumdar , Sebastian Ordyniak , Magnus Wahlström

A vertex-coloring of a connected graph $G$ is a strong conflict-free vertex-connection coloring if every two distinct vertices are joined by a shortest path on which some color appears exactly once. The minimum number of colors in such a…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2026-05-14 Samuel German

A $k$-coloring of a graph $G=(V,E)$ is called semi-equitable if there exists a partition of its vertex set into independent subsets $V_1,\ldots,V_k$ in such a way that $|V_1| \notin \{\lceil |V|/k\rceil, \lfloor |V|/k \rfloor\}$ and…

组合数学 · 数学 2017-11-06 H. Furmańczyk , M. Kubale

A graph $G$ is equitably $k$-choosable if, for any given $k$-uniform list assignment $L$, $G$ is $L$-colorable and each color appears on at most $\lceil\frac{|V(G)|}{k}\rceil$ vertices. A graph is equitably $k$-colorable if the vertex set…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-06-22 Aijun Dong , Jianliang Wu

We study the Equitable Connected Partition (ECP for short) problem, where we are given a graph G=(V,E) together with an integer p, and our goal is to find a partition of V into p parts such that each part induces a connected sub-graph of G…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2024-05-01 Václav Blažej , Dušan Knop , Jan Pokorný , Šimon Schierreich

In an undirected graph, a proper (k,i)-coloring is an assignment of a set of k colors to each vertex such that any two adjacent vertices have at most i common colors. The (k,i)-coloring problem is to compute the minimum number of colors…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2020-09-14 Sriram Bhyravarapu , Saurabh Joshi , Subrahmanyam Kalyanasundaram , Anjeneya Swami Kare

A proper coloring of vertices of a graph is equitable if the sizes of any two color classes differ by at most 1. Such colorings have many applications and are interesting by themselves. In this paper, we discuss the state of art and…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-04-22 H. A. Kierstead , Alexandr Kostochka , Zimu Xiang

This paper studies the kernelization complexity of graph coloring problems with respect to certain structural parameterizations of the input instances. We are interested in how well polynomial-time data reduction can provably shrink…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2015-03-19 Bart M. P. Jansen , Stefan Kratsch

The equitable tree-coloring can formulate a structure decomposition problem on the communication network with some security considerations. Namely, an equitable tree-$k$-coloring of a graph is a vertex coloring using $k$ distinct colors…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-04-13 Xin Zhang , Bei Niu , Yan Li , Bi Li

The $q$-Coloring problem asks whether the vertices of a graph can be properly colored with $q$ colors. Lokshtanov et al. [SODA 2011] showed that $q$-Coloring on graphs with a feedback vertex set of size $k$ cannot be solved in time…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2017-01-25 Lars Jaffke , Bart M. P. Jansen

We study a new variant of graph coloring by adding a connectivity constraint. A path in a vertex-colored graph is called conflict-free if there is a color that appears exactly once on its vertices. A connected graph $G$ is said to be…

计算复杂性 · 计算机科学 2024-08-15 Sun-Yuan Hsieh , Hoang-Oanh Le , Van Bang Le , Sheng-Lung Peng