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Many practical environments contain catastrophic states that an optimal agent would visit infrequently or never. Even on toy problems, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) agents tend to periodically revisit these states upon forgetting their…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-03-15 Zachary C. Lipton , Kamyar Azizzadenesheli , Abhishek Kumar , Lihong Li , Jianfeng Gao , Li Deng

Counterfactuals can explain classification decisions of neural networks in a human interpretable way. We propose a simple but effective method to generate such counterfactuals. More specifically, we perform a suitable diffeomorphic…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-06-17 Ann-Kathrin Dombrowski , Jan E. Gerken , Klaus-Robert Müller , Pan Kessel

In the environment of fair lending laws and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the ability to explain a model's prediction is of paramount importance. High quality explanations are the first step in assessing fairness.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-06-23 Rachana Balasubramanian , Samuel Sharpe , Brian Barr , Jason Wittenbach , C. Bayan Bruss

Interactive reinforcement learning agents use human feedback or instruction to help them learn in complex environments. Often, this feedback comes in the form of a discrete signal that is either positive or negative. While informative, this…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2021-04-13 Tasmia Tasrin , Md Sultan Al Nahian , Habarakadage Perera , Brent Harrison

Counterfactual reasoning allows us to explore hypothetical scenarios in order to explain the impacts of our decisions. However, addressing such inquires is impossible without establishing the appropriate mathematical framework. In this…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-25 Kurt Butler , Marija Iloska , Petar M. Djuric

Active inference is a unifying theory for perception and action resting upon the idea that the brain maintains an internal model of the world by minimizing free energy. From a behavioral perspective, active inference agents can be seen as…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-01-17 Pietro Mazzaglia , Tim Verbelen , Bart Dhoedt

Following the pivotal success of learning strategies to win at tasks, solely by interacting with an environment without any supervision, agents have gained the ability to make sequential decisions in complex MDPs. Yet, reinforcement…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-18 Ezgi Korkmaz

The asynchronous nature of the state-of-the-art reinforcement learning algorithms such as the Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic algorithm, makes them exceptionally suitable for CPU computations. However, given the fact that deep…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2018-04-17 Robert Adamski , Tomasz Grel , Maciej Klimek , Henryk Michalewski

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has emerged as a critical area of research to unravel the opaque inner logic of (deep) machine learning models. Among the various XAI techniques proposed in the literature, counterfactual…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-01-28 Flavio Giorgi , Cesare Campagnano , Fabrizio Silvestri , Gabriele Tolomei

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) is emerging as a viable strategy for automated cyber defense (ACD). The traditional RL approach represents networks as a list of computers in various states of safety or threat. Unfortunately, these models…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-22 Isaiah J. King , Benjamin Bowman , H. Howie Huang

Explaining the predictions of a deep neural network is a nontrivial task, yet high-quality explanations for predictions are often a prerequisite for practitioners to trust these models. Counterfactual explanations aim to explain predictions…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-16 Andreas Abildtrup Hansen , Paraskevas Pegios , Anna Calissano , Aasa Feragen

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown great promise in domains like healthcare and robotics but often struggles with adoption due to its lack of interpretability. Counterfactual explanations, which address "what if" scenarios, provide a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Shuyang Dong , Shangtong Zhang , Lu Feng

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown great success in solving many challenging tasks via use of deep neural networks. Although using deep learning for RL brings immense representational power, it also causes a well-known…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-04-18 Sahir , Ercüment İlhan , Srijita Das , Matthew E. Taylor

To solve complex real-world problems with reinforcement learning, we cannot rely on manually specified reward functions. Instead, we can have humans communicate an objective to the agent directly. In this work, we combine two approaches to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-11-16 Borja Ibarz , Jan Leike , Tobias Pohlen , Geoffrey Irving , Shane Legg , Dario Amodei

Despite advances in generating fluent texts, existing pretraining models tend to attach incoherent event sequences to involved entities when generating narratives such as stories and news. We conjecture that such issues result from…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-11-24 Jian Guan , Zhenyu Yang , Rongsheng Zhang , Zhipeng Hu , Minlie Huang

Existing imitation learning approaches often require that the complete demonstration data, including sequences of actions and states, are available. In this paper, we consider a more realistic and difficult scenario where a reinforcement…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-03-12 Xiaoxiao Guo , Shiyu Chang , Mo Yu , Gerald Tesauro , Murray Campbell

Deep generative models can emulate the perceptual properties of complex image datasets, providing a latent representation of the data. However, manipulating such representation to perform meaningful and controllable transformations in the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-12-13 Michel Besserve , Arash Mehrjou , Rémy Sun , Bernhard Schölkopf

Present language understanding methods have demonstrated extraordinary ability of recognizing patterns in texts via machine learning. However, existing methods indiscriminately use the recognized patterns in the testing phase that is…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-06-08 Fuli Feng , Jizhi Zhang , Xiangnan He , Hanwang Zhang , Tat-Seng Chua

Corporate mergers and acquisitions (M&A) account for billions of dollars of investment globally every year, and offer an interesting and challenging domain for artificial intelligence. However, in these highly sensitive domains, it is…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-10-26 Linyi Yang , Eoin M. Kenny , Tin Lok James Ng , Yi Yang , Barry Smyth , Ruihai Dong

Reinforcement learning has made great strides in recent years due to the success of methods using deep neural networks. However, such neural networks act as a black box, obscuring the inner workings. While reinforcement learning has the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-04-13 Brittany Davis Pierson , Justine Ventura , Matthew E. Taylor