相关论文: Aggregated Hold-Out

If the trend of learned components eventually outperforming their hand-crafted version continues, learned optimizers will eventually outperform hand-crafted optimizers like SGD or Adam. Even if learned optimizers (L2Os) eventually outpace…

The kick-one-out (KOO) method is a variable selection method based on a model selection criterion. The method is very simple, and yet it has consistency in variable selection under a high-dimensional asymptotic framework with a specific…

Adaptive data analysis has posed a challenge to science due to its ability to generate false hypotheses on moderately large data sets. In general, with non-adaptive data analyses (where queries to the data are generated without being…

Exploration is essential in modern learning, from reinforcement learning environments with small neural policies to large language models (LLMs). Existing work, such as DPO, leverages full sequence log-likelihoods to capture an entire…

Group-relative policy optimization methods train language models by generating multiple rollouts per prompt and normalizing rewards with a shared mean reward baseline. In resource-constrained settings where the rollout budget is small,…

We consider the parametric learning problem, where the objective of the learner is determined by a parametric loss function. Employing empirical risk minimization with possibly regularization, the inferred parameter vector will be biased…

In this paper, a new approach to computing the generalisation performance is presented that assumes the distribution of risks, $\rho(r)$, for a learning scenario is known. From this, the expected error of a learning machine using empirical…

The goal of online prediction with expert advice is to find a decision strategy which will perform almost as well as the best expert in a given pool of experts, on any sequence of outcomes. This problem has been widely studied and…

We consider the selection of prediction models for Markovian time series. For this purpose, we study the theoretical properties of the hold-out method. In the econometrics literature, the hold-out method is called out-of-sample and is the…

We compare and contrast two approaches to validating a trained classifier while using all in-sample data for training. One is simultaneous validation over an organized set of hypotheses (SVOOSH), the well-known method that began with VC…

In this work, we introduce the {\em average top-$k$} (\atk) loss as a new aggregate loss for supervised learning, which is the average over the $k$ largest individual losses over a training dataset. We show that the \atk loss is a natural…

While Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has emerged as a scalable framework for critic-free policy learning, extending it to settings with explicit behavioral constraints remains underexplored. We introduce Constrained GRPO, a…

Regression uses supervised machine learning to find a model that combines several independent variables to predict a dependent variable based on ground truth (labeled) data, i.e., tuples of independent and dependent variables (labels).…

Momentum is a simple and widely used trick which allows gradient-based optimizers to pick up speed along low curvature directions. Its performance depends crucially on a damping coefficient $\beta$. Large $\beta$ values can potentially…

The present paper provides a new generic strategy leading to non-asymptotic theoretical guarantees on the Leave-one-Out procedure applied to a broad class of learning algorithms. This strategy relies on two main ingredients: the new notion…

RLVR has enhanced the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) across various tasks. However, GRPO, a representative RLVR algorithm, suffers from a critical limitation: when all responses within a group are either entirely…

Federated Learning has been recently proposed for distributed model training at the edge. The principle of this approach is to aggregate models learned on distributed clients to obtain a new more general "average" model (FedAvg). The…

We propose a new method for estimating the number of answers OUT of a small join query Q in a large database D, and for uniform sampling over joins. Our method is the first to satisfy all the following statements. - Support arbitrary Q,…

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) is a standard algorithm for reinforcement learning from verifiable rewards, but its group-mean-centered advantage can fail under binary rewards. The failure mode is gradient starvation: when every…

In conventional supervised classification, true labels are required for individual instances. However, it could be prohibitive to collect the true labels for individual instances, due to privacy concerns or unaffordable annotation costs.…