相关论文: Reward Testing Equivalences for Processes

The purpose of testing a system with respect to a requirement is to refute the hypothesis that the system satisfies the requirement. We build a theory of tests and refutation based on the elementary notions of satisfaction and refinement.…

Biomechanical models allow for diverse simulations of user movements in interaction. Their performance depends critically on the careful design of reward functions, yet the interplay between reward components and emergent behaviours remains…

When permutation methods are used in practice, often a limited number of random permutations are used to decrease the computational burden. However, most theoretical literature assumes that the whole permutation group is used, and methods…

Usually one compares the accuracy of two competing classifiers via null hypothesis significance tests (nhst). Yet the nhst tests suffer from important shortcomings, which can be overcome by switching to Bayesian hypothesis testing. We…

We propose measurement modeling from the quantitative social sciences as a framework for understanding fairness in computational systems. Computational systems often involve unobservable theoretical constructs, such as socioeconomic status,…

The concept of must testing is naturally parametrised with a chosen completeness criterion, defining the complete runs of a system. Here I employ justness as this completeness criterion, instead of the traditional choice of progress. The…

The analysis of the adaptive behaviour of many different kinds of systems such as humans, animals and machines, requires more general ways of assessing their cognitive abilities. This need is strengthened by increasingly more tasks being…

Reward learning enables the application of reinforcement learning (RL) to tasks where reward is defined by human judgment, building a model of reward by asking humans questions. Most work on reward learning has used simulated environments,…

The automatic ranking of word pairs as per their semantic relatedness and ability to mimic human notions of semantic relatedness has widespread applications. Measures that rely on raw data (distributional measures) and those that use…

We introduce \emph{Metric-Fair Prompting}, a fairness-aware prompting framework that guides large language models (LLMs) to make decisions under metric-fairness constraints. In the application of multiple-choice medical question answering,…

Evidence plays a crucial role in automated fact-checking. When verifying real-world claims, existing fact-checking systems either assume the evidence sentences are given or use the search snippets returned by the search engine. Such methods…

Desirable system performance in the face of threats and disruptions has been characterized by various management concepts. Through semi-structured interviews with editors of journals in the fields of emergency response and systems…

Fairness assumptions are a valuable tool when reasoning about systems. In this paper, we classify several fairness properties found in the literature and argue that most of them are too restrictive for many applications. As an alternative…

The objective of this paper is to assess the quality of explanation heatmaps for image classification tasks. To assess the quality of explainability methods, we approach the task through the lens of accuracy and stability. In this work, we…

The Mann-Kendall test for trend has gained a lot of attention in a range of disciplines, especially in the environmental sciences. One of the drawbacks of the Mann-Kendall test when applied to real data is that no distinction can be made…

Game-theoretic characterizations of process equivalences traditionally form a central topic in concurrency; for example, most equivalences on the classical linear-time / branching-time spectrum come with such characterizations. Recent work…

We present a theory of environmental bisimilarity for the delimited-control operators {\it shift} and {\it reset}. We consider two different notions of contextual equivalence: one that does not require the presence of a top-level control…

Liveness properties, such as termination, of even the simplest shared-memory concurrent programs under sequential consistency typically require some fairness assumptions about the scheduler. Under weak memory models, we observe that the…

Machine learning models are central to people's lives and impact society in ways as fundamental as determining how people access information. The gravity of these models imparts a responsibility to model developers to ensure that they are…

We provide new necessary and sufficient conditions for the convergence of positive series developing Bertran-De Morgan and Cauchy type tests given in [M. Martin, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 47(1941), 452-457] and [L. Bourchtein et al, Int. J.…