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The previously applied independent atom model (IAM) for highly charged ion-molecule collisions which implemented the suppression of multiple ionization and capture on the basis of geometric overlaps of cross-sectional areas representing…

原子物理 · 物理学 2025-09-15 Hans Jürgen Lüdde , Marko Horbatsch , Tom Kirchner

We present the current status of hybrid approaches to describe heavy ion collisions and their future challenges and perspectives. First we present a hybrid model combining a Boltzmann transport model of hadronic degrees of freedom in the…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2017-08-23 Marlene Nahrgang , Christoph Herold , Stefan Schramm , Marcus Bleicher

Baryon and energy densities, which are reached in central Au+Au collisions at collision energy of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}= 39$ GeV, are estimated within the model of three-fluid dynamics. It is shown that the initial thermalized mean proper baryon…

核理论 · 物理学 2018-02-21 Yu. B. Ivanov , A. A. Soldatov

Transfer-ionization in fast collisions between a bare ion and an atom, in which one of the atomic electrons is captured by the ion whereas another one is emitted, crucially depends on dynamic electron-electron correlations. We show that in…

原子物理 · 物理学 2013-05-15 A. B. Voitkiv

We present algorithms to solve relativistic hydrodynamics in 3+1--dimensional situations without apparent symmetry to simplify the solution. In simulations of heavy--ion collisions, these numerical schemes have to deal with the physical…

核理论 · 物理学 2009-10-28 Dirk H. Rischke , Stefan Bernard , Joachim A. Maruhn

We present a concise review of the recent development of relativistic hydrodynamics and its applications to heavy-ion collisions. Theoretical progress on the extended formulation of hydrodynamics towards out-of-equilibrium systems is…

核理论 · 物理学 2020-10-26 Chun Shen , Li Yan

A novel three-fluid dynamical model for simulations of heavy-ion collisions at RHIC Beam Energy Scan programme, called MUFFIN, has been developed. The novelty consists of modular inclusion of the Equation of State, use of hyperbolic…

核理论 · 物理学 2023-12-19 Jakub Cimerman , Iurii Karpenko , Boris Tomasik , Pasi Huovinen

In this paper, the concepts of microscopic transport theory are introduced and the features and shortcomings of the most commonly used ansatzes are discussed. In particular, the Ultrarelativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) transport…

This work presents a three-dimensional dynamical initialization model for relativistic heavy-ion collisions, implementing local energy-momentum conservation and baryon charge fluctuations at string junctions. Constraining parameters using…

核理论 · 物理学 2022-06-22 Chun Shen , Björn Schenke

Incorporating for the first time both the spin and isospin degrees of freedom explicitly in transport model simulations of intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions, we observe that a local spin polarization appears during collision process.…

核理论 · 物理学 2013-07-09 Jun Xu , Bao-An Li

The rapidity dependence of the initial energy density in heavy-ion collisions is calculated from a three-dimensional McLerran-Venugopalan model (3dMVn) introduced by Lam and Mahlon. This model is infrared safe since global color neutrality…

核理论 · 物理学 2014-03-12 Sener Ozonder , Rainer J. Fries

A 3-fluid hydrodynamic model is introduced for simulating heavy-ion collisions at incident energies between few and about 200 AGeV. In addition to the two baryon-rich fluids of 2-fluid models, the new model incorporates a third, baryon-free…

核理论 · 物理学 2009-11-10 V. N. Russkikh , Yu. B. Ivanov , E. G. Nikonov , W. Noerenberg , V. D. Toneev

Sufficiently energetic collisions of heavy ions result in the formation of a droplet of a strongly coupled liquid state of QCD matter known as quark-gluon plasma. By using gauge-gravity duality (holography), a model of a rapidly…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2019-12-25 Åsmund Folkestad , Sašo Grozdanov , Krishna Rajagopal , Wilke van der Schee

In this review article, we first briefly introduce the transport theory and quantum molecular dynamics model applied in the study of the heavy ion collisions from low to intermediate energies. The developments of improved quantum molecular…

核理论 · 物理学 2020-05-27 Yingxun Zhang , Ning Wang , Qingfeng Li , Li Ou , Junlong Tian , Min Liu , Kai Zhao , Xizhen Wu , Zhuxia Li

Our recently developed 2+1 (boost-invariant) hydrodynamic model has been presented and used to i) describe the soft hadronic data collected in the central region of the relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and ii) to make predictions…

核理论 · 物理学 2011-02-02 Mikolaj Chojnacki

We present results of hydrodynamic modelling of Au-Au collisions from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7 to 200 GeV. Our simulations have three novel components. Firstly, we use a Linear EXtrapolation of Ultrarelativistic nucleon-nucleon Scattering to…

核理论 · 物理学 2022-11-21 A. De , J. I. Kapusta , M. Singh , T. Welle

We review recent theoretical developments relevant to heavy-ion experiments carried out within the Beam Energy Scan program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Our main focus is on the description of the dynamics of systems created in…

核理论 · 物理学 2024-08-23 Lipei Du , Agnieszka Sorensen , Mikhail Stephanov

The Ultrarelativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) model, a microscopic transport model, is used to study the directed and elliptic collective flows and the nuclear stopping in Au+Au collisions at incident energies covered by INDRA…

核理论 · 物理学 2011-02-01 Qingfeng Li , Caiwan Shen , Chenchen Guo , Yongjia Wang , Zhuxia Li , J. Lukasik , W. Trautmann

In this article, we outline the modeling of a realistic dynamical model for comprehensive description of high energy heavy ion collisions. Comparing theoretical calculations and experimental data at RHIC, we give detailed discussions on the…

核理论 · 物理学 2012-07-10 Chiho Nonaka , Masayuki Asakawa

It is shown that intermittency, a self-similar correlation with respect to the size of the phase space volume, is sensitive to critical density fluctuations of baryon numbers in a system belonging to the three-dimensional (3D) Ising…

核理论 · 物理学 2020-01-06 Jin Wu , Yufu Lin , Yuanfang Wu , Zhiming Li