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We study the importance of the initial state, baryon stopping and baryon number transport for the dynamical evolution of a strongly interacting system produced in heavy ion collisions. We employ a hybrid model, which combines the fluid…

核理论 · 物理学 2013-05-30 J. Steinheimer , V. Koch , M. Bleicher

We present a coupled Boltzmann and hydrodynamics approach to relativistic heavy ion reactions. This hybrid approach is based on the Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) transport approach with an intermediate hydrodynamical…

核理论 · 物理学 2008-11-26 Hannah Petersen , Jan Steinheimer , Gerhard Burau , Marcus Bleicher , Horst Stöcker

We present the detail of a newly developed relativistic transport model (ART 1.0) for high energy heavy-ion collisions. Using this model, we first study the general collision dynamics between heavy ions at the AGS energies. We then show…

核理论 · 物理学 2009-09-25 Bao-An Li , Che Ming Ko

While hybrid approaches of relativistic hydrodynamics+transport have been well established for the dynamical description of heavy-ion collisions at high beam energies, moving to lower beam energies is challenging. In this work, we propose…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2026-01-16 Renan Góes-Hirayama , Joscha Egger , Zuzana Paulínyová , Iurii Karpenko , Hannah Elfner

Hybrid approaches based on relativistic hydrodynamics and transport theory have been successfully applied for many years for the dynamical description of heavy ion collisions at ultrarelativistic energies. In this work a new viscous hybrid…

核理论 · 物理学 2015-06-09 Iu. A. Karpenko , P. Huovinen , H. Petersen , M. Bleicher

The baryon and energy densities attained in fragmentation regions in central Au+Au collisions in the energy range of the Beam Energy Scan (BES) program at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) are estimated within the model of the…

核理论 · 物理学 2018-07-25 Yu. B. Ivanov , A. A. Soldatov

It is shown that the initial compression in central heavy ion collisions at beam energies of $E_\mathrm{lab}=1-10A$~GeV depends dominantly on the underlying equation of state and only marginally on the model used for the dynamical…

A key ingredient of hydrodynamical modeling of relativistic heavy ion collisions is thermal initial conditions, an input that is the consequence of a pre-thermal dynamics which is not completely understood yet. In the paper we employ a…

核理论 · 物理学 2015-01-22 V. Yu. Naboka , S. V. Akkelin , Iu. A. Karpenko , Yu. M. Sinyukov

A 3-fluid hydrodynamic model for simulating relativistic heavy-ion collisions is introduced. Alongside with two baryon-rich fluids, the new model considers time-delayed evolution of a third, baryon-free (i.e. with zero net baryonic charge)…

核理论 · 物理学 2008-11-26 Yu. B. Ivanov , V. N. Russkikh , V. D. Toneev

Recent results connected to nuclear collision dynamics, from low up to relativistic energies, are reviewed. Heavy ion reactions offer the unique opportunity to probe the complex nuclear many-body dynamics and to explore, in laboratory…

核理论 · 物理学 2020-07-15 Maria Colonna

A recently proposed classical-trajectory dynamical screening model for the description of multiple ionization and capture during ion-water molecule collisions is extended to incorporate dynamical screening on both the multi-center target…

原子物理 · 物理学 2020-07-22 Alba Jorge , Marko Horbatsch , Tom Kirchner

We study the sensitivities of the directed flow in Au+Au collisions on the equation of state (EoS), employing the transport theoretical model JAM. The EoS is modified by introducing a new collision term in order to control the pressure of a…

核理论 · 物理学 2017-02-15 Yasushi Nara , Harri Niemi , Jan Steinheimer , Horst Stoecker

We report predictions for the transverse momentum ($p_T$) spectra of $\pi^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$, $p$, and $\bar{p}$ in various collision centrality from Au + Au collisions at beam energies ($E_{lab}$) of 6.7, 8, 11, and 25 A~GeV using a…

核理论 · 物理学 2026-04-08 Towseef Bhat , Vipul Bairathi , Lokesh Kumar , Sonia Kabana

Heavy-ion collisions at varying collision energies provide access to different regions of the QCD phase diagram. In particular collisions at intermediate energies are promising candidates to experimentally identify the postulated first…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2023-01-24 Anna Schäfer , Iurii Karpenko , Xiang-Yu Wu , Jan Hammelmann , Hannah Elfner

We present theoretical approaches to high energy nuclear collisions in detail putting a special emphasis on technical aspects of numerical simulations. Models include relativistic hydrodynamics, Monte-Carlo implementation of…

核理论 · 物理学 2012-03-21 Tetsufumi Hirano , Yasushi Nara

In high energy heavy-ion collisions, the two colliding nuclei pass through each other leaving behind an almost baryon free central rapidity region. Most of the baryons are carried away by the nuclear remnants and are located in the…

核理论 · 物理学 2019-01-02 Ming Li , Chun Shen

Hadronic transport approaches based on an effective solution of the relativistic Boltzmann equation are widely applied for the dynamical description of heavy ion reactions at low beam energies. At high densities, the assumption of binary…

核理论 · 物理学 2017-02-14 Dmytro Oliinychenko , Hannah Petersen

The fluidity of the hot and dense QCD matter is a key characteristic of the medium created in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. We extend the framework of the relativistic hydrodynamic model to incorporate non-thermal momentum distributions…

核理论 · 物理学 2025-10-22 Akihiko Monnai

The transport approach is a useful tool to study dynamics of non-equilibrium systems. For heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies, where both the smooth nucleon potential and the hard-core nucleon-nucleon collision are important, the…

核理论 · 物理学 2019-04-02 Jun Xu

Relativistic heavy-ion collisions suggest that low momentum regions of the observed particle spectra are thermal and hydrodynamic, while medium-high momentum regions are non-thermal and perturbative. In this study, I construct a…

核理论 · 物理学 2023-08-09 Akihiko Monnai