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This paper studies the impact of DRAM writes on DDR5-based system. To efficiently perform DRAM writes, modern systems buffer write requests and try to complete multiple write operations whenever the DRAM mode is switched from read to write.…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-12-23 Suhas Vittal , Moinuddin Qureshi

Prior studies have shown that the retention time of the non-volatile spin-transfer torque RAM (STT-RAM) can be relaxed in order to reduce STT-RAM's write energy and latency. However, since different applications may require different…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2024-07-30 Dhruv Gajaria , Kyle Kuan , Tosiron Adegbija

This paper summarizes the idea of ChargeCache, which was published in HPCA 2016 [51], and examines the work's significance and future potential. DRAM latency continues to be a critical bottleneck for system performance. In this work, we…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2018-05-11 Hasan Hassan , Gennady Pekhimenko , Nandita Vijaykumar , Vivek Seshadri , Donghyuk Lee , Oguz Ergin , Onur Mutlu

The emergence of Phase-Change Memory (PCM) provides opportunities for directly connecting persistent memory to main memory bus. While PCM achieves high read throughput and low standby power, the critical concerns are its poor write…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2020-07-28 Yinjin Fu

As SRAM-based caches are hitting a scaling wall, manufacturers are integrating DRAM-based caches into system designs to continue increasing cache sizes. While DRAM caches can improve the performance of memory systems, existing DRAM cache…

Caching is crucial for enabling high-throughput networks for data intensive applications. Traditional caching technology relies on DRAM, as it can transfer data at a high rate. However, DRAM capacity is subject to contention by most system…

网络与互联网体系结构 · 计算机科学 2023-10-12 Faruk Volkan Mutlu , Edmund Yeh

The aggressive scaling of technology may have helped to meet the growing demand for higher memory capacity and density, but has also made DRAM cells more prone to errors. Such a reality triggered a lot of interest in modeling DRAM behavior…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2020-03-30 Lev Mukhanov , Konstantinos Tovletoglou , Hans Vandierendonck , Dimitrios S. Nikolopoulos , Georgios Karakonstantis

DRAM is a critical component of modern computing systems. Recent works propose numerous techniques (that we call DRAM techniques) to enhance DRAM-based computing systems' throughput, reliability, and computing capabilities (e.g., in-DRAM…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-06-24 Oğuzhan Canpolat , Ataberk Olgun , David Novo , Oğuz Ergin , Onur Mutlu

Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) is pervasive in computer systems. Cell vulnerabilities caused by unintended phenomena (forced retention failure, latency alteration, rowhammer and rowpress) lead to unintended bit flips in memory. These…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-20 Zilong Hu , Hongming Fei , Prosanta Gope , Jack Miskelly , Owen Millwood , Biplab Sikdar

Emerging hybrid memory systems that comprise technologies such as Intel's Optane DC Persistent Memory, exhibit disparities in the access speeds and capacity ratios of their heterogeneous memory components. This breaks many assumptions and…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2021-01-19 Thaleia Dimitra Doudali , Daniel Zahka , Ada Gavrilovska

Raw bit errors are common in NAND flash memory and will increase in the future. These errors reduce flash reliability and limit the lifetime of a flash memory device. We aim to improve flash reliability with a multitude of low-cost…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2018-08-16 Yixin Luo

Hybrid memory systems comprised of dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and non-volatile memory (NVM) have been proposed to exploit both the capacity advantage of NVM and the latency and dynamic energy advantages of DRAM. An important…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2019-12-18 Yang Li , Jongmoo Choi , Jin Sun , Saugata Ghose , Hui Wang , Justin Meza , Jinglei Ren , Onur Mutlu

With emerging storage-class memory (SCM) nearing commercialization, there is evidence that it will deliver the much-anticipated high density and access latencies within only a few factors of DRAM. Nevertheless, the latency-sensitive nature…

The SRAM cell is made up of latch, which ensures that the cell data is preserved as long as power is turned on and refresh operation is not required for the SRAM cell. SRAM is widely used for on-chip cache memory in microprocessors, game…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2019-05-22 Apollos Ezeogu

This paper explores advances in reconfiguration properties of SRAM-based FPGAs, namely Partial Dynamic Reconfiguration, to improve the resilience of critical systems that take advantage of this technology. Commercial of-the-shelf…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2016-08-24 Jose Luis Nunes

Today's systems have diverse needs that are difficult to address using one-size-fits-all commodity DRAM. Unfortunately, although system designers can theoretically adapt commodity DRAM chips to meet their particular design goals (e.g., by…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2022-04-25 Minesh Patel , Taha Shahroodi , Aditya Manglik , A. Giray Yaglikci , Ataberk Olgun , Haocong Luo , Onur Mutlu

Non-volatile memory (NVM) is a class of promising scalable memory technologies that can potentially offer higher capacity than DRAM at the same cost point. Unfortunately, the access latency and energy of NVM is often higher than those of…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2018-05-01 HanBin Yoon , Justin Meza , Rachata Ausavarungnirun , Rachael A. Harding , Onur Mutlu

This paper summarizes our work on experimentally characterizing, mitigating, and recovering data retention errors in multi-level cell (MLC) NAND flash memory, which was published in HPCA 2015, and examines the work's significance and future…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2018-05-09 Yu Cai , Yixin Luo , Erich F. Haratsch , Ken Mai , Saugata Ghose , Onur Mutlu

In order to shed more light on how RowHammer affects modern and future devices at the circuit-level, we first present an experimental characterization of RowHammer on 1580 DRAM chips (408x DDR3, 652x DDR4, and 520x LPDDR4) from 300 DRAM…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2020-06-01 Jeremie S. Kim , Minesh Patel , A. Giray Yaglikci , Hasan Hassan , Roknoddin Azizi , Lois Orosa , Onur Mutlu

As transistor-based memory technologies like dynamic random access memory (DRAM) approach their scalability limits, the need to explore alternative storage solutions becomes increasingly urgent. Phase-change memory (PCM) has gained…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-12-02 Mahek Desai , Rowena Quinn , Marjan Asadinia