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The radius valley, i.e., a dearth of planets with radii between 1.5 and 2 Earth radii, provides insights into planetary formation and evolution. Using homogenously revised planetary parameters from Kepler 1-minute short cadence light…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-06-12 Cynthia S. K. Ho , James G. Rogers , Vincent Van Eylen , James E. Owen , Hilke E. Schlichting

The efficiency of tidal dissipation provides a zeroth-order link to a planet's physical properties. For super-Earth and sub-Neptune planets in the range $R_{\oplus}\lesssim R_p \lesssim 4 R_{\oplus}$, particularly efficient dissipation…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2023-11-08 Emma Louden , Gregory Laughlin , Sarah Millholland

The radius valley,a deficit of planets near 2 $\mathrm{R_{\oplus}}$, was observed among exoplanets of radius $\lesssim$ 5 $\mathrm{R_{\oplus}}$ with periods $<$ 100 days by NASA's $Kepler$ mission. It separates super-Earths (rocky,…

Understanding the distribution and occurrence rate of small planets was a fundamental goal of the Kepler transiting exoplanet mission, and could be improved with K2 and TESS. Deriving accurate exoplanetary radii requires accurate…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2018-12-12 Johanna K. Teske , David R. Ciardi , Steve B. Howell , Lea A. Hirsch , Rachel A. Johnson

After finding more planets than expected at the shortest period, there has been an effort to explain their numbers by weak tidal friction. However, we find that the strength of tidal dissipation that would produce the occurence distribution…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2012-11-12 Stuart F. Taylor

The growing number of exoplanet discoveries and advances in machine learning techniques have opened new avenues for exploring and understanding the characteristics of worlds beyond our Solar System. In this study, we employ efficient…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2023-08-29 Mahdiyar Mousavi-Sadr , Davood M. Jassur , Ghassem Gozaliasl

The orbital distribution of giant planets is crucial for understanding how terrestrial planets form and predicting yields of exoplanet surveys. Here, we derive giant planets occurrence rates as a function of orbital period by taking into…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2019-04-03 Rachel B. Fernandes , Gijs D. Mulders , Ilaria Pascucci , Christoph Mordasini , Alexandre Emsenhuber

We construct models of the structural evolution of super-Earth- and mini-Neptune-type exoplanets with hydrogen-helium envelopes, incorporating radiative cooling and XUV-driven mass loss. We conduct a parameter study of these models,…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-08-06 Alex R. Howe , Adam S. Burrows

The nature of sub-Neptunes remains unknown due to degeneracies in interior structure solutions. However, a statistical set of small planets with measured masses and radii can be used to test the planet formation theory prediction of large…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-11-18 Remo Burn , Komal Bali , Caroline Dorn , Rafael Luque , Simon L. Grimm

The eccentricity distribution of exoplanets is known from radial velocity surveys to be divergent from circular orbits beyond 0.1 AU. This is particularly the case for large planets where the radial velocity technique is most sensitive. The…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-04 Stephen R. Kane , David R. Ciardi , Dawn M. Gelino , Kaspar von Braun

Determining the mass-radius ($M$-$R$) relation of exoplanets is important for exoplanet characterization. Here we present a re-analysis of the $M$-$R$ relations and their transitions using exoplanetary data from the PlanetS catalog which…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-06-26 Simon Müller , Jana Baron , Ravit Helled , François Bouchy , Léna Parc

Recently, several groups have resolved a gap that bifurcates planets between the size of Earth and Neptune into two populations. The location and depth of this feature is an important signature of the physical processes that form and sculpt…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2020-08-05 Erik A. Petigura

The increasing number of super-Earths close to their host stars revealed a scarcity of close-in small planets with 1.5-2.0$\,R_\oplus$ in the radius distribution of ${\it Kepler}$ planets. The atmospheric escape of super-Earths by…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-04-06 Naho Fujita , Yasunori Hori , Takanori Sasaki

The distribution of orbital period ratios of adjacent planets in extra-solar planetary systems discovered by the {\it Kepler} space telescope exhibits a peak near $\sim1.5$--$2$, a long tail of larger period ratios, and a steep drop-off in…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-08-06 Renu Malhotra

The spatial distribution of exoplanets in the Galaxy is important for our understanding of planet formation and evolution. We aim to determine the spatial gradients of exoplanet occurrence in the Solar neighbourhood and in the vicinity of…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2020-02-26 Andrii Maliuk , Jan Budaj

Previous work has established the enhanced occurrence of compact systems of multiple small exoplanets around metal-poor stars. Understanding the origin of this effect in the planet formation process is a topic of ongoing research. Here we…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-08-05 Benjamin T. Liberles , Jason A. Dittmann , Stephen M. Elardo , Sarah Ballard

The Kepler Mission has discovered thousands of exoplanets and revolutionized our understanding of their population. This large, homogeneous catalog of discoveries has enabled rigorous studies of the occurrence rate of exoplanets and…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2016-12-14 Daniel Foreman-Mackey , Timothy D. Morton , David W. Hogg , Eric Agol , Bernhard Schölkopf

We calculate an empirical, non-parametric estimate of the shape of the period-marginalized radius distribution of planets with periods less than 150 days using the small yet well-characterized sample of cool ($T_{\rm eff} <4000 $K) dwarf…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-15 Timothy D. Morton , Jonathan J. Swift

We have updated the PlanetS catalog of transiting planets with precise and robust mass and radius measurements and use this catalog to explore mass-radius (M-R) diagrams. On the one hand, we propose new M-R relationships to separate…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-08-07 Léna Parc , François Bouchy , Julia Venturini , Caroline Dorn , Ravit Helled

The field of exoplanetary science has seen a dramatic improvement in sensitivity to terrestrial planets over recent years. Such discoveries have been a key feature of results from the {\it Kepler} mission which utilizes the transit method…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-22 Stephen R. Kane , Ravi Kumar Kopparapu , Shawn D. Domagal-Goldman