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Many AI-related reasoning problems are based on the problem of satisfiability of propositional formulas with some cardinality-minimality condition. While the complexity of the satisfiability problem (SAT) is well understood when considering…
Boolean Satisfiability Problem (SAT) is one of the core problems in computer science. As one of the fundamental NP-complete problems, it can be used - by known reductions - to represent instances of variety of hard decision problems.…
The satisfiability problem of hybrid logics with the downarrow binder is known to be undecidable. This initiated a research program on decidable and tractable fragments. In this paper, we investigate the effect of restricting the…
Horn-satisfiability or Horn-SAT is the problem of deciding whether a satisfying assignment exists for a Horn formula, a conjunction of clauses each with at most one positive literal (also known as Horn clauses). It is a well-known…
Satisfiability of boolean formulae (SAT) has been a topic of research in logic and computer science for a long time. In this paper we are interested in understanding the structure of satisfiable and unsatisfiable sentences. In previous work…
Today's propositional satisfiability (SAT) solvers are extremely powerful and can be used as an efficient back-end for solving NP-complete problems. However, many fundamental problems in knowledge representation and reasoning are located at…
The Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT) is a well-known example of monotonic reasoning, of intense practical interest due to fast solvers, complemented by rigorous fine-grained complexity results. However, for non-monotonic reasoning,…
The CNF formula satisfiability problem (CNF-SAT) has been reduced to many fundamental problems in P to prove tight lower bounds under the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis (SETH). Recently, the works of Abboud, Hansen, Vassilevska W. and…
Modal logic is a paradigm for several useful and applicable formal systems in computer science. It generally retains the low complexity of classical propositional logic, but notable exceptions exist in the domains of description, temporal,…
We analyse the complexity of the satisfiability problem, or similarly feasibility problem, (trSAT) for transformer encoders (TE), which naturally occurs in formal verification or interpretation, collectively referred to as formal reasoning.…
Over the last two decades, propositional satisfiability (SAT) has become one of the most successful and widely applied techniques for the solution of NP-complete problems. The aim of this paper is to investigate theoretically how Sat can be…
In this paper, we consider the well-known modal logics $\mathbf{K}$, $\mathbf{T}$, $\mathbf{K4}$, and $\mathbf{S4}$, and we study some of their sub-propositional fragments, namely the classical Horn fragment, the Krom fragment, the…
Many procedures for SAT and SAT-related problems -- in particular for those requiring the complete enumeration of satisfying truth assignments -- rely their efficiency on the detection of partial assignments satisfying an input formula. In…
Instances of logical cryptanalysis, circuit verification, and bounded model checking can often be succinctly represented as a combined satisfiability (SAT) problem where an instance is a combination of traditional clauses and parity…
Fundamentally, every static program analyser searches for a proof through a combination of heuristics providing candidate solutions and a candidate validation technique. Essentially, the heuristic reduces a second-order problem to a…
The problem 2-quantum-satisfiability (2-QSAT) is the generalisation of the 2-CNF-SAT problem to quantum bits, and is equivalent to determining whether or not a spin-1/2 Hamiltonian with two-body terms is frustration-free. Similarly to the…
The Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT) holds a central place in computational complexity theory as the first shown NP-complete problem. Due to this role, SAT is often used as the benchmark for polynomial-time reductions: if a problem can…
The model checking problem for various fragments of first-order logic has attracted much attention over the last two decades: in particular, for the primitive positive and the positive Horn fragments, which are better known as the…
Propositional satisfiability (SAT) solvers, which typically operate using conjunctive normal form (CNF), have been successfully applied in many domains. However, in some application areas such as circuit verification, bounded model…
This article describes the solvability of HornSAT and CNFSAT. Unsatisfiable HornCNF have partially ordered set that is made by causation of each clauses. In this partially ordered set, Truth value assignment that is false in each clauses…