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We demonstrate that the sub-atomically focused beam of a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) can be used to controllably manipulate individual dopant atoms in a 2D graphene lattice. We demonstrate the manipulation of adsorbed…
Recent advances in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) allow to observe solid-state transformations and reactions in materials induced by thermal stimulus or electron beam on the atomic level. However, despite the rate at which…
The direct manipulation of individual atoms in materials using scanning probe microscopy has been a seminal achievement of nanotechnology. Recent advances in imaging resolution and sample stability have made scanning transmission electron…
Recent advances in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) instrumentation have made it possible to focus electron beams with sub-atomic precision and to identify the chemical structure of materials at the level of individual…
Despite decades of research, the ultimate goal of nanotechnology--top-down manipulation of individual atoms--has been directly achieved with only one technique: scanning probe microscopy. In this Review, we demonstrate that scanning…
Using electron beam manipulation, we enable deterministic motion of individual Si atoms in graphene along predefined trajectories. Structural evolution during the dopant motion was explored, providing information on changes of the Si atom…
We demonstrate assembly of di-, tri- and tetrameric Si clusters on the graphene surface using sub-atomically focused electron beam of a scanning transmission electron microscope. Here, an electron beam is used to introduce Si substitutional…
Electron-beam (e-beam) manipulation of single dopant atoms in an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope is emerging as a method for directed atomic motion and atom-by-atom assembly. Until now, the dopant species have…
In the last decade, the atomically focused beam of a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) was shown to induce a broad set of transformations of material structure, open pathways for probing atomic-scale reactions and…
Atomic-scale fabrication is an outstanding challenge and overarching goal for the nanoscience community. The practical implementation of moving and fixing atoms to a structure is non-trivial considering that one must spatially address the…
We report electron-beam activated motion of a catalytic nanoparticle along a graphene step edge and associated etching of the edge. This approach enables beam-controlled etching of matter through activated electrocatalytic processes. The…
It has long been an ultimate goal to introduce chemical doping at the atomic level to precisely tune properties of materials. Two-dimensional materials have natural advantage because of its highly-exposed surface atoms, however, it is still…
We introduce a machine learning approach to determine the transition dynamics of silicon atoms on a single layer of carbon atoms, when stimulated by the electron beam of a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). Our method is…
Semiconductor fabrication is a mainstay of modern civilization, enabling the myriad applications and technologies that underpin everyday life. However, while sub-10 nanometer devices are already entering the mainstream, the end of the…
Atomic-level structural changes in materials are important but challenging to study. Here, we demonstrate the dynamics and the possibility of manipulating a phosphorus dopant atom in graphene using scanning transmission electron microscopy…
Atomic-scale engineering typically involves bottom-up approaches, leveraging parameters such as temperature, partial pressures, and chemical affinity to promote spontaneous arrangement of atoms. These parameters are applied globally,…
We explore the emergence and active control of optical bistability in a two-level atom near a graphene sheet. Our theory incorporates self-interaction of the optically-driven atom and its coupling to electromagnetic vacuum modes, both of…
Directed atomic fabrication using an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) opens new pathways for atomic engineering of functional materials. In this approach, the electron beam is used to actively alter the…
Graphene is a promising candidate to succeed silicon based devices and doping holds the key to graphene electronics. Conventional doping methods through surface functionalization or lattice modification are effective in tuning carrier…
Atomic resolution high angle annular dark field imaging of suspended, single-layer graphene, onto which the metals Cr, Ti, Pd, Ni, Al and Au atoms had been deposited was carried out in an aberration corrected scanning transmission electron…