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The surface code is currently the leading proposal to achieve fault-tolerant quantum computation. Among its strengths are the plethora of known ways in which fault-tolerant Clifford operations can be performed, namely, by deforming the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-05-26 Benjamin J. Brown , Katharina Laubscher , Markus S. Kesselring , James R. Wootton

In recent years, surface codes have become a leading method for quantum error correction in theoretical large scale computational and communications architecture designs. Their comparatively high fault-tolerant thresholds and their natural…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-04-21 Dominic Horsman , Austin G. Fowler , Simon Devitt , Rodney Van Meter

The surface code is one of the most successful approaches to topological quantum error-correction. It boasts the smallest known syndrome extraction circuits and correspondingly largest thresholds. Defect-based logical encodings of a new…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-04-26 Theodore J. Yoder , Isaac H. Kim

In universal fault-tolerant quantum computing, implementing logical non-Clifford gates often demands substantial spacetime resources for many error-correcting codes, including the high-threshold surface code. A critical mission for…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-01-07 Sheng-Jie Huang , Alison Warman , Sakura Schafer-Nameki , Yanzhu Chen

One of the most promising routes towards fault-tolerant quantum computation utilizes topological quantum error correcting codes, such as the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ surface code. Logical qubits can be encoded in a variety of ways in the surface…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-01-11 Ali Lavasani , Maissam Barkeshli

Quantum computing relies on quantum error correction for high-fidelity logical operations, but scaling to achieve near-term quantum utility is highly resource-intensive. High-rate quantum LDPC codes can reduce error correction overhead, yet…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-11-11 Laura Pecorari , Francesco Paolo Guerci , Hugo Perrin , Guido Pupillo

Qubit shuttling has become an indispensable ingredient for scaling leading quantum computing platforms, including semiconductor spin, neutral-atom, and trapped-ion qubits, enabling both crosstalk reduction and tighter integration of control…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-16 Zhu Sun , Zhenyu Cai

Lattice surgery protocols allow for the efficient implementation of universal gate sets with two-dimensional topological codes where qubits are constrained to interact with one another locally. In this work, we first introduce a decoder…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-03-01 Christopher Chamberland , Earl T. Campbell

Lattice surgery is a method to perform quantum computation fault-tolerantly by using operations on boundary qubits between different patches of the planar code. This technique allows for universal planar-code computation without eliminating…

量子物理 · 物理学 2018-06-12 Daniel Herr , Alexandru Paler , Simon J. Devitt , Franco Nori

Resource consumption of the conventional surface code is expensive, in part due to the need to separate the defects that create the logical qubit far apart on the physical qubit lattice. We propose that instantiating the deformation-based…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-01-25 Shota Nagayama , Takahiko Satoh , Rodney Van Meter

Lattice surgery is a measurement-based technique for performing fault-tolerant quantum computation in two dimensions. When using the surface code, the most general lattice surgery operations require lattice irregularities called twist…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-05-04 Christopher Chamberland , Earl T. Campbell

Given a quantum gate circuit, how does one execute it in a fault-tolerant architecture with as little overhead as possible? In this paper, we discuss strategies for surface-code quantum computing on small, intermediate and large scales.…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-03-07 Daniel Litinski

Magic states are a foundational resource for universal quantum computation. To survive in a realistic noisy environment, magic states must be prepared fault-tolerantly and protected by a quantum error-correcting code. The recent discovery…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-02-02 Dominic J. Williamson

We demonstrate how to use lattice surgery to enact a universal set of fault-tolerant quantum operations with color codes. Along the way, we also improve existing surface-code lattice-surgery methods. Lattice-surgery methods use fewer qubits…

量子物理 · 物理学 2014-07-22 Andrew J. Landahl , Ciaran Ryan-Anderson

The surface code is unarguably the leading quantum error correction code for 2-D nearest neighbor architectures, featuring a high threshold error rate of approximately 1%, low overhead implementations of the entire Clifford group, and…

量子物理 · 物理学 2012-05-03 Austin G. Fowler , Adam C. Whiteside , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

For planar architectures surface code-based quantum error correction is one of the most promising approaches to fault-tolerant quantum computation. This is partially due to the variety of fault-tolerant logical protocols that can be…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-09-22 Áron Márton , Luis Colmenarez , Lukas Bödeker , Markus Müller

Quantum error correction is needed for quantum computers to be capable of fault-tolerantly executing algorithms using hundreds of logical qubits. Recent experiments have demonstrated subthreshold error rates for state preservation of a…

We propose hardware-efficient schemes for implementing logical H and S gates transversally on rotated surface codes with reconfigurable neutral atom arrays. For logical H gates, we develop a simple strategy to rotate code patches…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-12-03 Zi-Han Chen , Ming-Cheng Chen , Chao-Yang Lu , Jian-Wei Pan

Lattice surgery with two-dimensional quantum error correcting codes is among the leading schemes for fault-tolerant quantum computation, motivated by superconducting hardware architectures. In conventional lattice surgery compilation…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-12-05 Laura S. Herzog , Lucas Berent , Aleksander Kubica , Robert Wille

Topological quantum codes are intrinsically fault-tolerant to local noise, and underlie the theory of topological phases of matter. We explore geometry to enhance the performance of topological quantum codes by rotating the four dimensional…

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