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This work presents new cardinality estimation methods for data sets recorded by HyperLogLog sketches. A simple derivation of the original estimator was found, that also gives insight how to correct its deficiencies. The result is an…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2017-06-23 Otmar Ertl

This paper presents new methods to estimate the cardinalities of data sets recorded by HyperLogLog sketches. A theoretically motivated extension to the original estimator is presented that eliminates the bias for small and large…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2017-02-27 Otmar Ertl

We present HyperLogLogLog, a practical compression of the HyperLogLog sketch that compresses the sketch from $O(m\log\log n)$ bits down to $m \log_2\log_2\log_2 m + O(m+\log\log n)$ bits for estimating the number of distinct elements~$n$…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2022-05-24 Matti Karppa , Rasmus Pagh

Non-monotone constrained submodular maximization plays a crucial role in various machine learning applications. However, existing algorithms often struggle with a trade-off between approximation guarantees and practical efficiency. The…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-24 Murad Tukan , Loay Mualem , Moran Feldman

Cardinality estimation - calculating the number of distinct elements in a stream - is a longstanding problem with applications from networking to bioinformatics. HyperLogLog (HLL), the prevailing standard, has a well-known error spike in…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2026-05-14 Brian Bushnell

We introduce the Huffman-Bucket Sketch (HBS), a simple, mergeable data structure that losslessly compresses a HyperLogLog (HLL) sketch with $m$ registers to optimal space $O(m+\log n)$ bits, with amortized constant-time updates, acting as a…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2026-03-12 Matti Karppa

Flow cardinality estimation is the problem of estimating the number of distinct elements in a data flow, often with a stringent memory constraint. It has wide applications in network traffic measurement and in database systems. The virtual…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2018-12-10 Zeyu Zhou

Cardinality estimation is the task of approximating the number of distinct elements in a large dataset with possibly repeating elements. LogLog and HyperLogLog (c.f. Durand and Flajolet [ESA 2003], Flajolet et al. [Discrete Math Theor.…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2020-08-19 Aleksander Łukasiewicz , Przemysław Uznański

Since its invention HyperLogLog has become the standard algorithm for approximate distinct counting. Due to its space efficiency and suitability for distributed systems, it is widely used and also implemented in numerous databases. This…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2024-06-11 Otmar Ertl

This paper considers the problem of cardinality estimation in data stream applications. We present a statistical analysis of probabilistic counting algorithms, focusing on two techniques that use pseudo-random variates to form…

统计计算 · 统计学 2012-11-20 Peter Clifford , Ioana A. Cosma

We discuss the problem of counting distinct elements in a stream. A stream is usually considered as a sequence of elements that come one at a time. An exact solution to the problem requires memory space of the size of the stream. For many…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2021-06-18 Tal Ohayon

In 2020 Blasiok (ACM Trans. Algorithms 16(2) 3:1-3:28) constructed an optimal space streaming algorithm for the cardinality estimation problem with the space complexity of $\mathcal O(\varepsilon^{-2} \ln(\delta^{-1}) + \ln n)$ where…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2023-07-04 Emin Karayel

We propose an advancement in cardinality estimation by augmenting autoregressive models with a traditional grid structure. The novel hybrid estimator addresses the limitations of autoregressive models by creating a smaller representation of…

数据库 · 计算机科学 2024-10-11 Damjan Gjurovski , Angjela Davitkova , Sebastian Michel

The information presented in this paper defines LogLog-Beta. LogLog-Beta is a new algorithm for estimating cardinalities based on LogLog counting. The new algorithm uses only one formula and needs no additional bias corrections for the…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2020-12-22 Jason Qin , Denys Kim , Yumei Tung

Extracting cosmological parameters from galaxy/halo catalogues with sub-percent level accuracy is an important aspect of modern cosmology, especially in view of ongoing and upcoming surveys such as Euclid, DESI, and LSST. While traditional…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2025-11-18 Atrideb Chatterjee , Arka Banerjee , Francisco Villaescusa-Navarro , Tom Abel

Cardinality estimation algorithms receive a stream of elements whose order might be arbitrary, with possible repetitions, and return the number of distinct elements. Such algorithms usually seek to minimize the required storage and…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2015-08-26 Reuven Cohen , Liran Katzir , Aviv Yehezkel

The Harrow-Hassidim-Lloyd (HHL) algorithm is a quantum algorithm for solving systems of linear equations that, in principle, offers an exponential improvement in scaling with the system size compared to classical approaches. In this work,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-18 Dhruv Sood , Nilmani Mathur , Vikram Tripathi

We present several novel encodings for cardinality constraints, which use fewer clauses than previous encodings and, more importantly, introduce new generally applicable techniques for constructing compact encodings. First, we present a CNF…

计算复杂性 · 计算机科学 2026-04-20 Andrew Krapivin , Benjamin Przybocki , Bernardo Subercaseaux

Subgraph counting is a fundamental problem in understanding and analyzing graph structured data, yet computationally challenging. This calls for an accurate and efficient algorithm for Subgraph Cardinality Estimation, which is to estimate…

数据库 · 计算机科学 2024-04-16 Wonseok Shin , Siwoo Song , Kunsoo Park , Wook-Shin Han

DB engines produce efficient query execution plans by relying on cost models. Practical implementations estimate cardinality of queries using heuristics, with magic numbers tuned to improve average performance on benchmarks. Empirically,…

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