相关论文: Upstream Causes of Downstream Effects
Nitrogen (N) deposition is a primary driver of species loss in plant communities globally. However, the mechanisms by which high N availability causes species loss remain unclear. Many hypotheses for species loss with increasing N…
A key challenge in origins-of-life studies is estimating the abundances of species relevant to the chemical pathways proposed to have contributed to the emergence of life on early Earth. Dissolved nitrogen oxide anions (NO$_{X}^{-}$), in…
Estimating causal effects from observational data has become increasingly critical in diverse fields including healthcare, economics, and social policy. The fundamental challenge in causal inference arises from the missing counterfactuals…
Climate change exacerbates riverine floods, which occur with higher frequency and intensity than ever. The much-needed forecasting systems typically rely on accurate river discharge predictions. To this end, the SOTA data-driven approaches…
Plant water stress may occur due to the limited availability of water to the roots/soil or due to increased transpiration. These factors adversely affect plant physiology and photosynthetic ability to the extent that it has been shown to…
The increasing prevalence of marine pollution during the past few decades motivated recent research to help ease the situation. Typical water quality assessment requires continuous monitoring of water and sediments at remote locations with…
The calibration of a model refers to the process by which one can estimate some parameters by comparisons with observed data. Due to the dynamical nature of the environment, variations between predicted and observed values occur. Thus, the…
It is shown that structuring at the microlevel, a previously not described in detail phenomenon, is the intrinsic property of water and aqueous solutions. At room conditions water (including "ultrapure" one) and aqueous solutions are…
Human factors, specifically visual impact and noise production, are the current main limitations for broader urban wind energy exploitation. Trailing edge noise, caused by the turbulent boundary layer interacting with the airfoil surface,…
The groundwater flow system in the Culebra Dolomite Member (Culebra) of the Permian Rustler Formation is a potential radionuclide release pathway from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), the only deep geological repository for…
Restrictions of pedestrian flow could be triggered by directional changes, merging of streams and other changes or disturbances causing effects similar to bottlenecks given by geometrical narrowings. In this contribution we analyze…
Heterogeneous nucleation and subsequent growth of surface water occur on the natural substrate when the water vapor concentration reached the point of super-saturation. This study focuses on the parameterization of super-saturation on the…
Intensification and poleward expansion of upwelling favourable winds have been predicted as a response to anthropogenic global climate change and have recently been documented in most Eastern Boundary Upwelling Ecosystems of the world. To…
It is known that amphibians are especially susceptible to the combination of heightened UVB radiation and increased nitrate concentrations. Various astrophysical events have been suggested as sources of ionizing radiation that could pose a…
Ambient concentrations of many pollutants are associated with emissions due to human activity, such as road transport and other combustion sources. In this paper we consider air pollution as a multi--level phenomenon within a Bayesian…
Causal inconsistency arises when the underlying causal graphs captured by generative models like \textit{Normalizing Flows} (NFs) are inconsistent with those specified in causal models like \textit{Struct Causal Models} (SCMs). This…
Acknowledging the effects of outdoor air pollution, the literature inadequately addresses indoor air pollution's impacts. Despite daily health risks, existing research primarily focused on monitoring, lacking accuracy in pinpointing indoor…
In recent years, the world has become increasingly concerned with air pollution. Particularly in the global north, countries are implementing systems to monitor air pollution on a large scale to aid decision-making. Such efforts are…
Atmospheric composition of exoplanets is often considered as a probe of the planet's formation condition. How exactly the initial chemical memory may be altered from the birth to the final state of the planet, however, remains unknown.…
Biofilm accumulation in the porous media can cause plugging and change many physical properties of porous media. Targeted bioplugging may have significant applications for industrial processes. A deeper understanding of the relative…