相关论文: A Third-Law Isentropic Analysis of a Simulated Hur…
Statistical mechanics relies on the complete though probabilistic description of a system in terms of all the microscopic variables. Its object is to derive therefrom static and dynamic properties involving some reduced set of variables.…
The physical impossibility of heat transfer under isothermal conditions implies that the classical expression for the entropy of the ideal gas may not be compatible with the internal energy of the gas itself. A corrected expression of the…
Molecular clouds are supported by thermal pressure, magnetic pressure, and turbulent pressure. Each of these can be modeled with a polytropic equation of state, so that overall the total pressure is the sum of the individual components. We…
Using an exact law for incompressible Hall magnetohydrodynamics (HMHD) turbulence, the energy cascade rate is computed from three-dimensional HMHD-CGL (bi-adiabatic ions and isothermal electrons) and Landau fluid (LF) numerical simulations…
The local entropy of a nonequilibrium system of independent fermions is investigated, and analyzed in the context of the laws of thermodynamics. It is shown that the local temperature and chemical potential can only be expressed in terms of…
We set up a framework for quantum stochastic thermodynamics based solely on experimentally controllable, but otherwise arbitrary interventions at discrete times. Using standard assumptions about the system-bath dynamics and insights from…
The air density on earth decays as a function of altitude $z$ approximately according to an $\exp(-w\,z/\theta)$-law, where $w$ denotes the weight of a nitrogen molecule and $\theta=\kB T$ where $k_B$ is a constant and $T$ the thermodynamic…
Based on realistic estimates of geophysical conditions it is demonstrated that by practical means; (1) the intensity of a hurricane can be diminished before making landfall; (2) and other circumstances, a potential hurricane might be…
Entanglement entropy is one of the most prominent measures in quantum physics. We show that it has an interesting ergotropic interpretation in terms of unitarily extracted work. It determines how much energy one can extract from a source of…
The essential postulates of classical thermodynamics are formulated, from which the second law is deduced as the principle of increase of entropy in irreversible adiabatic processes that take one equilibrium state to another. The entropy…
The postulates of thermodynamics were originally formulated for macroscopic systems. They lead to the definition of the entropy, which, for a homogeneous system, is a homogeneous function of order one in the extensive variables and is…
In order to explore the effects of climate change on atmospheric convection and the water cycle, we develop and analyse an extension of the Rainy-B\'enard model, which is itself a moist version of the Rayleigh-B\'enard model of dry…
We consider nonequilibrium (NEQ) states such as supercooled liquids and glasses that are described with use of internal variables. We classify the latter by state-dependent hierarchy of relaxation times to assess their relevance for…
Earth's atmosphere is in a state far from thermodynamic equilibrium. For example, the large scale equator-to-pole temperature gradient is maintained by tropical heating, polar cooling, and a midlatitude meridional eddy heat flux…
The available enthalpy is an early form of the modern thermodynamic concept of exergy, which is the generic name for the amount of work obtainable when some matter is brought to a state of equilibrium with its surroundings by means of…
Quantum many-body states that frequently appear in physics often obey an entropy scaling law, meaning that an entanglement entropy of a subsystem can be expressed as a sum of terms that scale linearly with its volume and area, plus a…
In this paper it is shown that statistical mechanics in the form of thermodynamic entropy can be used as a measure of the severity of individual injuries (AIS), and that the correct way to account for multiple injuries is to sum the…
Generated under hurricane conditions, a slip layer composed of foam, bubble emulsion, and spray determines the behavior of the surface drag with wind speed. This study enables us to estimate foam's contribution to this behavior. A…
It may be a common understanding at present that, once event horizons are in thermal equilibrium, the entropy-area law holds inevitably. However, no rigorous verification is given to such a very strong universality of the law in…
The quantum thermodynamic functions of a harmonic oscillator coupled to a heat bath through velocity-dependent coupling are obtained analytically. It is shown that both the free energy and the entropy decay fast with the temperature in…