相关论文: Investigating inequality: a Langevin approach

This work introduces a sampling method capable of solving Bayesian inverse problems in function space. It does not assume the log-concavity of the likelihood, meaning that it is compatible with nonlinear inverse problems. The method…

Social inequalities are ubiquitous and here we show that the values of the Gini ($g$) and Kolkata ($k$) indices, two generic inequality indices, approach each other (starting from $g = 0$ and $k = 0.5$ for equality) as the competitions grow…

It is well known that a Lorenz curve, derived from the distribution function of a random variable, can itself be viewed as a probability distribution function of a new random variable [4]. In a previous work of ours [26], we proved the…

An income distribution describes how an entity's total wealth is distributed amongst its population. A problem of interest to regional economics researchers is to understand the spatial homogeneity of income distributions among different…

Entropy measures of probability distributions are widely used measures in ecology, biology, genetics, and in other fields, to quantify species diversity of a community. Unfortunately, entropy-based diversity indices, or diversity indices…

The classical concept of inequality curves and measures is extended to conditional inequality curves and measures and a curve of conditional inequality measures is introduced. This extension provides a more nuanced analysis of inequality in…

Social media content shared today in cities, such as Instagram images, their tags and descriptions, is the key form of contemporary city life. It tells people where activities and locations that interest them are and it allows them to share…

Inequality measures provide a valuable tool for the analysis, comparison, and optimization based on system models. This work studies the relation between attributes or features of an individual to understand how redundant, unique, and…

The complex Langevin approach is a promising method for the numerical treatment of systems with a sign problem, for which conventional lattice field theory techniques based on importance sampling cannot be applied. However, complex Langevin…

This work explores a novel perspective on solving nonconvex and nonsmooth optimization problems by leveraging sampling based methods. Instead of treating the objective function purely through traditional (often deterministic) optimization…

Income inequality is known to have negative impacts on an economic system, thus has been debated for a hundred years past or more. Numerous ideas have been proposed to quantify income inequality, and the Gini coefficient is a prevalent…

Functional inequalities such as the Poincar\'e and log-Sobolev inequalities quantify convergence to equilibrium in continuous-time Markov chains by linking generator properties to variance and entropy decay. However, many applications,…

Given the wealth inequality worldwide, there is an urgent need to identify the mode of wealth exchange through which it arises. To address the research gap regarding models that combine equivalent exchange and redistribution, this study…

By borrowing methods from complex system analysis, in this paper we analyze the features of the complex relationship that links the development and the industrialization of a country to economic inequality. In order to do this, we identify…

We study the inequality of citations received for different publications of various researchers and Nobel laureates in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine and Economics using Google Scholar data from 2012 to 2024. Citation distributions are found…

Langevin algorithms are gradient descent methods augmented with additive noise, and are widely used in Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling, optimization, and machine learning. In recent years, the non-asymptotic analysis of Langevin…

The unadjusted Langevin algorithm is widely used for sampling from complex high-dimensional distributions. It is well known to be biased, with the bias typically scaling linearly with the dimension when measured in squared Wasserstein…

Urban inequality, as reflected by uneven spatial allocations of resources, services, and opportunities, has arisen as a major topic for quantitative research and policy intervention. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provide a solid…

Some mathematical inequalities among various weighted means are studied. Inequalities on weighted logarithmic mean are given. Besides, the gap in Jensen's inequality is studied as a convex function approach. Consequently, some non-trivial…

We study zero-shot conditional sampling with pretrained diffusion models for linear inverse problems, including inpainting and super-resolution. In these problems, the observation determines only part of the unknown signal. The remaining…