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Many application domains face the challenges of high-power consumption and high computational demands, especially with the advancement in embedded machine learning and edge computing. Designing application-specific circuits is crucial to…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-08-13 Zeinab Hijazi , Fatima Bzeih , Ali Ibrahim

In this paper we present a novel high-resolution multi-channel FPGA-based time-to-digital converter (TDC). We designed and implemented a complex electronic circuit on the FPGA, whose overall accuracy is several orders of magnitude greater…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2024-06-27 Balazs Jakli , Adam Rak , Gyorgy Cserey

The GANDALF 6U-VME64x/VXS module has been designed to cope with a variety of readout tasks in high energy and nuclear physics experiments, in particular the COMPASS experiment at CERN. The exchangeable mezzanine cards allow for an…

We have developed a Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) application in a Xilinx Kintex-7 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). This TDC, based on the Tapped-Delay Line (TDL) and Wave Union A (WU-A) techniques, achieves an independent time…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2024-12-30 Zehong Liang , Xiongbo Yan , Zhe Ning , Jun Hu , Xiaoshan Jiang , Yunhua Sun , Weiyan Pan , Jingbo Ye

Fully Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)based digitizer for high-resolution time and energy measurement is an attractive low cost solution for the readout electronics in positron emission computed tomography (PET)detector. In recent…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2022-01-07 Cong Ma , Wubin Wang , Xiaokun Zhao , Li Yu , Guocheng Wu

Time-to-digital converters (TDCs) are used in various fields, including high-energy physics. One advantage of implementing TDCs in field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) is the flexibility on the modification of the logics, which is useful…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2018-01-29 Yuta Sano , Yasuyuki Horii , Masahiro Ikeno , Osamu Sasaki , Makoto Tomoto , Tomohisa Uchida

Radio interferometers provide the means to perform the wide-field-of-view (FoV), high-sensitivity observations required for modern radio surveys. As computing power per cost has decreased, there has been a move towards larger arrays of…

We have designed, implemented and tested a time-to-digital converter core in a low-cost Spartan-6 FPGA. Our design exploits the finite propagation speed in carry chains to realize a delay line in which the propagation distance of the…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2013-03-29 Sebastien Bourdeauducq

Time to Digital Converters (TDCs) are very common devices in particles physics experiments. A lot of "off-the-shelf" TDCs can be employed but the necessity of a custom DAta acQuisition (DAQ) system makes the TDCs implemented on the…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2020-09-07 A. Balla , M. Beretta , P. Ciambrone , M. Gatta , F. Gonnella , L. Iafolla , M. Mascolo , R. Messi , D. Moricciani , D. Riondino

Time-tagging units and coincidence detectors are used in many scientific research fields. The required timing resolution and number of input channels are varying, but some emerging experiments in the field of quantum optics require up to 32…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2020-11-03 Attila Hidvegi

In order to reconstruct gamma-gamma physics events tagged with High Energy Tagger (HET) in the KLOE-2 (K LOng Experiment 2), we need to measure the Time Of Flight (TOF) of the electrons and positrons from the KLOE-2 Interaction Point (IP)…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2015-06-05 L. Iafolla , A. Balla , M. Beretta , P. Ciambrone , M. Gatta , F. Gonnella , M. Mascolo , R. Messi , D. Moricciani , D. Riondino

We describe an FPGA-based, 96-channel, time-to-digital converter (TDC) intended for use with the Central Outer Tracker (COT) in the CDF Experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron. The COT system is digitized and read out by 315 TDC cards, each…

With present-day detectors in high energy physics one often faces fast analog pulses of a few nanoseconds length which cover large dynamic ranges. In many experiments both amplitude and timing information have to be measured with high…

A highly integrated, high performance, and re-configurable device, which is designed for the Nitrogen-Vacancy center based quantum applications, is reported. The digital compartment of the device is fully implemented in a…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2017-02-01 X. Qin , Z. Shi , Y. Xie , L. Wang , X. Rong , W. Jia , W. Zhang , J. Du

We present a Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) implemented on a 16 nm Xilinx UltraScale Plus FPGA that achieves a resolution of 1.15 ps, RMS precision of 3.38 ps, a differential nonlinearity (DNL) of [-0.43, 0.24] LSB, and an integral…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-11-11 Sunwoo Park , Byungkwon Park , Eunsung Kim , Jiwon Yune , Seungho Han , Seunggo Nam

A prototype optical-link board has been developed for the ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter Phase-2 upgrade. The board consists of 24 lpGBT chips and 8 VTRx+ modules and demonstrates the full optical link design of the future front-end board.…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2022-05-25 X. Huang , C. Liu , A. Deiana , B. Deng , D. Gong , L. Hasley , S. Hou , T. Liu , H. Sun , J. Ye , L. Zhang , W. Zhang

A 20 GHz LLRF system is being built using a two-board(RF Front End + ADC/DAC/FPGA) architecture. The RF Front End provides 8 down-converting channels and 3 up-converting channels (5.5-20 GHz RF to 0.05-3 GHz IF). Separate, phase locked,…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2019-10-29 A. Rohlev

The RFX-mod2 Nuclear Fusion experiment is an upgrade of RFX-mod, shutdown in 2016. Among the other improvements in the machine structure and diagnostics, a larger number of electromagnetic probes (EMs) is foreseen to provide more…

Time-to-Digital Converters (TDCs) are a crucial tool in a wide array of fields, in particular for quantum communication, where time taggers performance can severely affect the quality of the entire application. Nowadays, FPGA-based TDCs…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-02-26 Matías Rubén Bolaños , Daniele Vogrig , Paolo Villoresi , Giuseppe Vallone , Andrea Stanco

Conventional analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) fail to capture high-dynamic-range (HDR) signals due to clipping. Modulo ADCs circumvent this limitation by folding the input prior to quantization and algorithmically reconstructing the…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-12-01 Zeyuan Li , Wenyi Yan , Lu Gan , Guoquan Li , Hongqing Liu
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