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Supported by the emerging technologies of Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and network slicing, 5G networks allow tenants to rent resources from mobile network operators (MNOs) in order to provide services without possessing an own…

This paper considers computation offloading in fog-radio access networks (F-RAN), where multiple user equipments (UEs) offload their computation tasks to the F-RAN through a number of fog nodes. Each UE can choose one of the fog nodes to…

As an emerging decentralized secure data management platform, blockchain has gained much popularity recently. To maintain a canonical state of blockchain data record, proof-of-work based consensus protocols provide the nodes, referred to as…

As the Internet of Things (IoT) becomes a part of our daily life, there is a rapid growth in connected devices. A well-established approach based on cloud computing technologies cannot provide the necessary quality of service in such an…

Cloud computing with its three key facets (i.e., IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS) and its inherent advantages (e.g., elasticity and scalability) still faces several challenges. The distance between the cloud and the end devices might be an issue for…

The rapid growth of time-sensitive applications and services has driven enhancements to computing infrastructures. The main challenge that needs addressing for these applications is the optimal placement of the end-users demands to reduce…

Hierarchical federated learning (HFL) shows great advantages over conventional two-layer federated learning (FL) in reducing network overhead and interaction latency while still retaining the data privacy of distributed FL clients. However,…

Fog computing, which provides low-latency computing services at the network edge, is an enabler for the emerging Internet of Things (IoT) systems. In this paper, we study the allocation of fog computing resources to the IoT users in a…

Task offloading in three-layer fog computing environments presents a critical challenge due to user equipment (UE) mobility, which frequently triggers costly service migrations and degrades overall system performance. This paper addresses…

Recently, to deliver services directly to the network edge, fog computing, an emerging and developing technology, acts as a layer between the cloud and the IoT worlds. The cloud or fog computing nodes could be selected by IoTs applications…

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) enables service providers to maximize the business profit via resource-efficient QoS provisioning for customer requested Service Function Chains (SFCs). In recent applications, end-to-end delay is one…

Cloud providers have introduced pricing models to incentivize long-term commitments of compute capacity. These long-term commitments allow the cloud providers to get guaranteed revenue for their investments in data centers and computing…

Software Defined Networks (SDNs) have dramatically simplified network management. However, enabling pure SDNs to respond in real-time while handling massive amounts of data still remains a challenging task. In contrast, fog computing has…

The advent of Cloud Computing enabled the proliferation of IoT applications for smart environments. However, the distance of these resources makes them unsuitable for delay-sensitive applications. Hence, Fog Computing has emerged to provide…

The Function-as-a-Service (FaaS) paradigm has a lot of potential as a computing model for fog environments comprising both cloud and edge nodes. When the request rate exceeds capacity limits at the edge, some functions need to be offloaded…

With the rapid increase in the Internet of Things (IoT), the amount of data produced and processed is also increased. Cloud Computing facilitates the storage, processing, and analysis of data as needed. However, cloud computing devices are…

Bag of Distributed Tasks (BoDT) can benefit from decentralised execution on the Cloud. However, there is a trade-off between the performance that can be achieved by employing a large number of Cloud VMs for the tasks and the monetary…

Future vehicles will have rich computing resources to support autonomous driving and be connected by wireless technologies. Vehicular fog networks (VeFN) have thus emerged to enable computing resource sharing via computation task…

Large electricity customers (e.g., large data centers) can exhibit huge and variable electricity demands, which poses significant challenges for the electricity suppliers to plan for sufficient capacity. Thus, it is desirable to design…

In recent years, there is an emerging trend that some computing services are moving from cloud to the edge of the networks. Compared to cloud computing, edge computing can provide services with faster response, lower expense, and more…