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Many challenges in today's society can be tackled by distributed open systems. This is particularly true for domains that are commonly perceived under the umbrella of smart cities, such as intelligent transportation, smart energy grids, or…

When decisions about developing standards are left to individual firms, there are many advantages including a flexible response to market evolution, accommodation to rapid technology change, and avoidance of costly coordination. However,…

The internet's key points of global control lie in the hands of a few people, primarily private organizations based in the United States. These control points, as they exist today, raise structural risks to the global internet's long-term…

A primary motivation for our research in digital ecosystems is the desire to exploit the self-organising properties of biological ecosystems. Ecosystems are thought to be robust, scalable architectures that can automatically solve complex,…

While many studies have looked at privacy properties of the Android and Google Play app ecosystem, comparatively much less is known about iOS and the Apple App Store, the most widely used ecosystem in the US. At the same time, there is…

As we move towards more data intensive, device centric global communication networks, our ability to usefully harvest these large datastores is degrading. The widening asymmetry in the explosive growth of data versus our ability to use it,…

Mobile applications are often used by an international audience and therefore receive a high daily amount of user reviews from various countries. Previous work found evidence that app store reviews contain helpful information for software…

Open source software is free software that provides user freedom to use, replicate, modify, and distribute for any purpose. The quality of well-known open source software is very high and they are used by big companies such as IBM, Google…

Recent measurement studies show that there are massively distributed hosting and computing infrastructures deployed in the Internet. Such infrastructures include large data centers and organizations' computing clusters. When idle, these…

Open source projects have made incredible progress in producing transparent and widely usable machine learning models and systems, but open source alone will face challenges in fully democratizing access to AI. Unlike software, AI models…

The hegemony of control over our search platforms by a few large corporations raises justifiable concerns, particularly in light of emerging geopolitical tensions and growing instances of ideological imposition by authoritarian actors to…

Cities are becoming smarter and more resilient by integrating urban infrastructure with information technology. However, concerns grow that smart cities might reverse progress on civil liberties when sensing, profiling, and predicting…

The development and deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) systems, with their profound societal impacts, raise critical challenges for governance. Historically, technological innovations have been governed by concentrated expertise…

Machine learning algorithms are increasingly used to make or support decisions in a wide range of settings. With such expansive use there is also growing concern about the fairness of such methods. Prior literature on algorithmic fairness…

This paper discusses the broad challenges shared by e-commerce and the process industries operating global supply chains. Specifically, we discuss how process industries and e-commerce differ in many aspects but have similar challenges…

The Internet has grown from a humble set of protocols for end-to-end connectivity into a critical global system with no builtin "immune system". In the next decade the Internet will likely grow to a trillion nodes and need protection from…

Since the dawn of human civilization, trust has been the core challenge of social organization. Trust functions to reduce the effort spent in constantly monitoring others' actions in order to verify their assertions, thus facilitating…

Powerful machine learning (ML) models are now readily available online, which creates exciting possibilities for users who lack the deep technical expertise or substantial computing resources needed to develop them. On the other hand, this…

We have evolved an IT system that is ubiquitous and pervasive and integrated into most aspects of our lives. Many of us are working on 4th and 5th level refinements in efficiency and functionality. But, we stand on the shoulders of those…

Payments architectures are on the verge of a great bifurcation that must be documented in order to be debated. Google is moving towards a quasi bank while Apple and Google disseminate payment systems over smartphones. At the same time,…