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The status of the proton radius puzzle (as of the date of the Confer- ence) is reviewed. The most likely potential theoretical and experimental explanations are discussed. Either the electronic hydrogen experiments were not sufficiently…
The current status of the determination of corrections to the hyperfine splitting of the ground state in hydrogen is considered. Improved calculations are provided taking into account the most recent value for the proton charge radius.…
Background: There is significant current interest in knowing the value of the proton radius and also its proper definition. Purpose: Combine the disparate literatures of hydrogen spectroscopy and diverse modern parton distributions to show…
We review determinations of the electric proton charge radius from a diverse set of low-energy observables. We explore under which conditions it can be related to Wilson coefficients of appropriate effective field theories. This discussion…
Recent results on muonic hydrogen [1] and the ones compiled by CODATA on ordinary hydrogen and $ep$-scattering [2] are $5\sigma$ away from each other. Two reasons justify a further look at this subject: 1) One of the approximations used in…
The extremely precise extraction of the proton radius by Pohl et al. from the measured energy difference between the 2P and 2S states of muonic hydrogen disagrees significantly with that extracted from electronic hydrogen or elastic…
The question of the determination of the proton charge radius $R_p$ from electron scattering data led to an unprecedented experimental effort for measurements of the electric form factor of the proton at low and very low momentum transfer…
[Background] The proton charge radius extracted from recent muonic hydrogen Lamb shift measurements is significantly smaller than that extracted from atomic hydrogen and electron scattering measurements. [Purpose] In an attempt to…
Precisely measured electron-proton elastic scattering cross sections [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 105}, 242002 (2010)] are reanalyzed to evaluate their strength for determining the rms charge radius ($R_{\rm E}$) of the proton. More than half of…
The discrepancy between the measured Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen and expectations from electron-proton scattering and regular hydrogen spectroscopy has become known as the proton radius puzzle, whose most "mundane" resolution requires a…
We reanalyze electron-proton scattering data in the momentum transfer region $Q^2 < 1\ GeV^2$, which were used to determine proton electric radius, with main focus on the Mainz experiment (Bernauer et al., 2010). We examine dependence of…
I summarize the dispersion-theoretical analysis of the nucleon electromagnetic form factors. Special emphasis is given on the extraction of the proton charge radius and its relatives, the proton magnetic radius as well as the neutron…
Systematic differences in the the proton's charge radius, as determined by ordinary atoms and muonic atoms, have caused a resurgence of interest in elastic lepton scattering measurements. The proton's charge radius, defined as the slope of…
The rms-radius $R$ of the proton charge distribution is a fundamental quantity needed for precision physics. This radius, traditionally determined from elastic electron-proton scattering via the slope of the Sachs form factor $G_e(q^2)$…
Recent values of the proton charge radius derived from the Lamb shift in electronic hydrogen tend to be larger than those from electron scattering. Therefore low-momentum-transfer scattering data from different groups and laboratories have…
We argue that the proton charge radius conundrum can be resolved by weakening the assumption of perturbative formulation of quantum electrodynamics within the proton
The PRad experiment has credibly demonstrated the advantages of the calorimetric method in e-p scattering experiments to measure the proton root-mean-square (RMS) charge radius with high accuracy. The PRad result, within its experimental…
This paper concerns the most intriguing question of modern atomic physics: determination of the proton root-mean-square (rms) charge radius ($r_p$). This problem was announced by the difference in $r_p$ values extracted from the experiments…
We find a new method to deduce nuclear radii from proton-nucleus elastic scattering data. In this method a nucleus is viewed as a ``black'' sphere. A diffraction pattern of protons by this sphere is equivalent to that of the Fraunhofer…
We present the first determination of the proton mechanical radius. The result was obtained by employing a novel theoretical approach that connects experimental data of deeply virtual Compton scattering with the spin = 2 interaction that is…